肝启新程 澳领未来 | 肝病相关血小板减少症的机制探析与升板策略

2026-04-14 肝胆相照平台 肝胆相照平台 发表于上海

围绕肝病相关血小板减少症的病理机制、围术期血小板管理、内科干预方案、重组人血小板生成素(rhTPO)临床研究证据及应用前景等核心内容展开分享,为临床规范化诊疗提供权威参考。

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血小板减少是慢性肝病、肝硬化患者临床常见的并发症,也是影响患者侵入性操作安全、围术期出血风险及长期预后的重要因素。随着临床诊疗需求不断提升,规范肝病相关血小板减少症的机制认知、优化围术期血小板管理、选择安全有效的升血小板药物,已成为肝病与消化内科领域的重要课题。

为厘清临床关键问题、传递前沿诊疗理念,肝胆相照平台特邀昆明医科大学第二附属医院杨晋辉教授武汉大学人民医院周中银教授,围绕肝病相关血小板减少症的病理机制、围术期血小板管理、内科干预方案、重组人血小板生成素(rhTPO)临床研究证据及应用前景等核心内容展开分享,为临床规范化诊疗提供权威参考。

肝胆相照平台

肝病相关血小板减少症在临床上十分常见,能否请您系统解读一下,肝病相关血小板减少症的核心病理机制有哪些?

杨晋辉教授

肝病相关血小板减少症是慢性肝病晚期的常见并发症,核心病理机制主要包含以下四个方面[1]

血小板生成减少:慢性肝病晚期会出现肝细胞坏死、纤维组织增生及假小叶形成,直接导致血小板生成素分泌不足,进而使骨髓巨核细胞数量减少,特别是产板巨核细胞数量减少,引发血小板减少;同时,肝硬化阶段部分药物、化学物质也会进一步削弱巨核细胞的产板能力,加重血小板减少。

血小板破坏增加:肝硬化会引发门静脉高压,进而导致脾脏肿大,脾脏巨噬细胞的吞噬与免疫功能亢进,会加速血小板破坏;此外,超过50%的晚期肝硬化患者体内存在血小板抗体,从而引发免疫性血小板破坏。

血小板分布异常:肝硬化门静脉高压患者脾脏血液回流受阻,脾脏瘀血肿大,滞留在脾脏血管池内的血小板数量会明显增加。

动态消耗过多:肝硬化晚期患者体内处于出血与凝血的脆弱动态平衡中,该平衡易被打破,使机体进入出血或高凝状态,此过程会大量消耗血小板,进一步加剧血小板减少。

肝胆相照平台

国内大多数医院肝病相关科室,在行侵入性操作前都会进行血小板计数的检查,请您结合本科室常见侵入性操作类型,谈一下围术期血小板管理的重要性,您会出于何种考虑在术前提升血小板?

周中银教授

消化内科常见的侵入性操作包括胃镜、肠镜、ERCP、ESD,以及肝病相关静脉曲张破裂出血的有创手术等,围术期血小板管理是降低出血风险、保障操作安全的核心环节。患者若存在凝血功能异常、血小板数量不足或功能低下,术中和术后发生大出血的风险会显著升高;而且,消化道腔镜下止血操作空间有限,大出血后止血难度极大。

因此,术前需全面评估患者的凝血功能与血小板状态,对于血小板数量极低、功能异常,合并肝硬化、门静脉高压,或正在使用抗凝药物的患者,需要在术前做好充分地准备。临床通常建议中高出血风险患者术前血小板计数大于50×109/L,此举可有效降低术中和术后出血风险,保障侵入性操作顺利实施[1]

肝胆相照平台

检查发现血小板减少时,内科的干预方式有哪些?在这些治疗选择中,rhTPO具有怎样的特点?相比于血小板生成素受体激动剂(TPO-RA) 具有哪些临床优势?

杨晋辉教授

针对慢性肝病相关血小板减少症,内科主要干预方式为血小板输注、TPO-RA治疗、rhTPO治疗,三者特点与临床差异如下[4-12]

血小板输注:国内血小板资源紧张、获取困难;且超50%的慢性肝病患者存在血小板抗体阳性,反复输注会大幅提升血小板抗体阳性率,易导致输注无效,仅建议在关键急救场景谨慎使用。

TPO-RA:虽具备一定的升血小板疗效,但需经肝脏代谢,存在一定的不良反应,且升血小板作用局限、效果有限,临床应用受限。

rhTPO:可通过多途径促进血小板生成,升血小板效果显著,在晚期肝病患者术前准备中优势突出,可作为慢性肝病相关血小板减少症治疗的首选方案

肝胆相照平台

rhTPO在肝病相关血小板减少症领域已获批新适应症。您作为其III期研究的PI之一,请您解读III期取得了哪些主要结果,对rhTPO在肝病相关血小板减少症领域的应用价值有何帮助?

周中银教授

rhTPO 2025年获批新适应症,主要是基于其III期研究。该研究在全国41家中心纳入120例慢性肝病合并血小板减少症(血小板计数<50×109/L)的患者,随机接受rhTPO或安慰剂治疗[8]。主要终点是:从术前24小时至术后7天持续维持血小板计数≥50×109/L,且无需紧急输血处理[8]。研究结果于第76届美国肝病研究协会年会(AASLD 2025)期间发布。

结果显示,rhTPO具有较高的应答率,试验中高达85.0%的患者实现了主要终点的治疗目标,而对照组仅有12.5%。两组差异达72.21%,具有显著统计学意义(P<0.0001)[8]

与此同时,该研究中rhTPO治疗还展现出以下几方面的显著优势[8]

一是血小板术前“达标”(≥50×109/L)比例高达92.5%,对照组仅为20%(P<0.0001);

二是显著减少血小板输注:rhTPO组和对照组分别有92.5%和25.0%的患者无需输注血小板(P<0.0001);

三是血小板“达标”持续时间长:rhTPO组患者维持血小板≥50×109/L的中位天数达21天,而对照组仅为3天(P=0.0007);

四是安全性良好:rhTPO组治疗相关的不良事件发生率与对照组相同,均为12.5%。

III期研究证实rhTPO升板速度较快,仅需治疗5~7天,绝大多数患者在术前血小板计数可达到要求,同时大幅减少血小板输注的比例,这不仅节约了宝贵的血液资源,降低了输注相关风险。此外,研究中rhTPO组患者血小板达标中位时间长达21天,这为我们创造了更宽裕、更灵活的手术时间窗,不再因血小板计数短暂波动而被迫推迟手术,极大改善了患者的治疗体验和预后。

总之,这些研究结果明确了rhTPO是肝病相关血小板减少症,尤其是拟行侵入性操作患者术前准备的高效且安全的治疗药物

肝胆相照平台

请问两位教授,随着rhTPO在肝病相关血小板减少症领域新适应症的获批,您对其未来的临床应用前景有何期待?您认为rhTPO还有哪些值得进一步探索的潜力或应用场景?

周中银教授

rhTPO升血小板效果显著、达标后维持时间长、安全性高、不良反应小,对于需行急诊或择期手术的肝病相关血小板减少症患者,可将血小板维持在安全水平,有效控制术中和术后出血风险,是临床处理此类患者的有力手段,未来在围术期管理中应用前景广阔。

杨晋辉教授

2025年12月,rhTPO获批慢性肝病合并血小板减少症适应症,为患者与临床医师带来了新的治疗选择。其未来探索方向主要有两点:一是现有研究提示rhTPO可能对肝细胞具有保护作用,该价值有待进一步临床验证;二是血小板减少是晚期肝病预后不良的独立危险因素,针对血小板计数极低的晚期肝病患者,未来可开展rhTPO前瞻性应用研究,探索其对改善患者生活质量、延长寿命的作用。

参考文献

[1] 国家感染性疾病临床医学研究中心,等. 中华肝脏病杂志,2023,31(11):1137-1148.

[2] Gan C, et al. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025 Feb 5;10(1):33.

[3] Xu X, et al. J Clin Transl Hepatol.

[4 ]J Erhardt et al. Exp Hematol 2009;37:1030-37.

[5] Jeong et al. Journal of Hematology&Oncology(2015)8:37

[6] Delorme et al. Stem Cells 27.2(2009):424.

[7] Fukushima-Shintani M,et al. Eur J Haematol. 2009 Apr;82(4):247-54.

[8] Yifan Han,et al.AASLD 2025.Poster.2434

[9] Shen Y, et al.Front. Pharmacol. 16:1701928.

[10] Liang J,et al.World Journal of Gastroenterology,2025,31(14):105004.

[11] 梁翠绿,张吟. 药物不良反应杂志,2024,26(1):38-43.

[12] 刘明霞,等. 药学研究. 2024,43(2):184-188,193.

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    肝病相关血小板

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  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2307623, encodeId=b7c0230e623ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>血小板减少, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9ab59856672, createdName=ms2000000053809406, createdTime=Wed Apr 15 10:22:32 CST 2026, time=2026-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2307622, encodeId=3774230e6229a, content=肝病相关血小板, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=14, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9ab59856672, createdName=ms2000000053809406, createdTime=Wed Apr 15 10:22:17 CST 2026, time=2026-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2307590, encodeId=5c69230e5901b, content=肝病相关血小板减少症的机制探析策略, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=20c53431821, createdName=13013f32m56暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Apr 15 07:26:42 CST 2026, time=2026-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=河北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2307579, encodeId=e138230e579a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9c72890153c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血小板减少#</a>血小板减少是慢性肝病、肝硬化患者临床常见的并发症, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89015, encryptionId=9c72890153c, topicName=血小板减少)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a1646442901, createdName=ms4000001513304915, createdTime=Tue Apr 14 23:45:38 CST 2026, time=2026-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=广东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2307561, encodeId=9aae230e56175, content=认真学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=16, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6EF3hKja8nER8RMzxQdria9eCYFhgLTLsDOeqnvIYdeLDz5eP6EnicLuE5gibiawgno4zUA0jAR7Nbtp2llQ9fs3Mk/0, createdBy=278f1986883, createdName=医鸣惊人, createdTime=Tue Apr 14 20:30:16 CST 2026, time=2026-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=山西省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2307497, encodeId=8b42230e49762, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6ccf138992a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肝病相关血小板减少症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=138992, encryptionId=6ccf138992a9, topicName=肝病相关血小板减少症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cade5395722, createdName=梅斯管理员, createdTime=Tue Apr 14 12:00:28 CST 2026, time=2026-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=上海)]
    2026-04-15 13013f32m56暂无昵称 来自河北省

    肝病相关血小板减少症的机制探析策略

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2307623, encodeId=b7c0230e623ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>血小板减少, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9ab59856672, createdName=ms2000000053809406, createdTime=Wed Apr 15 10:22:32 CST 2026, time=2026-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2307622, encodeId=3774230e6229a, content=肝病相关血小板, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=14, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9ab59856672, createdName=ms2000000053809406, createdTime=Wed Apr 15 10:22:17 CST 2026, time=2026-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2307590, encodeId=5c69230e5901b, content=肝病相关血小板减少症的机制探析策略, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=20c53431821, createdName=13013f32m56暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Apr 15 07:26:42 CST 2026, time=2026-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=河北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2307579, encodeId=e138230e579a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9c72890153c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血小板减少#</a>血小板减少是慢性肝病、肝硬化患者临床常见的并发症, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89015, encryptionId=9c72890153c, topicName=血小板减少)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a1646442901, createdName=ms4000001513304915, createdTime=Tue Apr 14 23:45:38 CST 2026, time=2026-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=广东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2307561, encodeId=9aae230e56175, content=认真学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=16, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6EF3hKja8nER8RMzxQdria9eCYFhgLTLsDOeqnvIYdeLDz5eP6EnicLuE5gibiawgno4zUA0jAR7Nbtp2llQ9fs3Mk/0, createdBy=278f1986883, createdName=医鸣惊人, createdTime=Tue Apr 14 20:30:16 CST 2026, time=2026-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=山西省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2307497, encodeId=8b42230e49762, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6ccf138992a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肝病相关血小板减少症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=138992, encryptionId=6ccf138992a9, topicName=肝病相关血小板减少症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cade5395722, createdName=梅斯管理员, createdTime=Tue Apr 14 12:00:28 CST 2026, time=2026-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=上海)]
    2026-04-14 ms4000001513304915 来自广东省

    #血小板减少#血小板减少是慢性肝病、肝硬化患者临床常见的并发症

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2307623, encodeId=b7c0230e623ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>血小板减少, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9ab59856672, createdName=ms2000000053809406, createdTime=Wed Apr 15 10:22:32 CST 2026, time=2026-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2307622, encodeId=3774230e6229a, content=肝病相关血小板, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=14, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9ab59856672, createdName=ms2000000053809406, createdTime=Wed Apr 15 10:22:17 CST 2026, time=2026-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2307590, encodeId=5c69230e5901b, content=肝病相关血小板减少症的机制探析策略, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=20c53431821, createdName=13013f32m56暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Apr 15 07:26:42 CST 2026, time=2026-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=河北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2307579, encodeId=e138230e579a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9c72890153c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血小板减少#</a>血小板减少是慢性肝病、肝硬化患者临床常见的并发症, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89015, encryptionId=9c72890153c, topicName=血小板减少)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a1646442901, createdName=ms4000001513304915, createdTime=Tue Apr 14 23:45:38 CST 2026, time=2026-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=广东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2307561, encodeId=9aae230e56175, content=认真学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=16, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6EF3hKja8nER8RMzxQdria9eCYFhgLTLsDOeqnvIYdeLDz5eP6EnicLuE5gibiawgno4zUA0jAR7Nbtp2llQ9fs3Mk/0, createdBy=278f1986883, createdName=医鸣惊人, createdTime=Tue Apr 14 20:30:16 CST 2026, time=2026-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=山西省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2307497, encodeId=8b42230e49762, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6ccf138992a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肝病相关血小板减少症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=138992, encryptionId=6ccf138992a9, topicName=肝病相关血小板减少症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cade5395722, createdName=梅斯管理员, createdTime=Tue Apr 14 12:00:28 CST 2026, time=2026-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=上海)]
    2026-04-14 医鸣惊人 来自山西省

    认真学习了

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2307623, encodeId=b7c0230e623ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>血小板减少, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9ab59856672, createdName=ms2000000053809406, createdTime=Wed Apr 15 10:22:32 CST 2026, time=2026-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2307622, encodeId=3774230e6229a, content=肝病相关血小板, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=14, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9ab59856672, createdName=ms2000000053809406, createdTime=Wed Apr 15 10:22:17 CST 2026, time=2026-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2307590, encodeId=5c69230e5901b, content=肝病相关血小板减少症的机制探析策略, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=20c53431821, createdName=13013f32m56暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Apr 15 07:26:42 CST 2026, time=2026-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=河北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2307579, encodeId=e138230e579a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9c72890153c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血小板减少#</a>血小板减少是慢性肝病、肝硬化患者临床常见的并发症, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89015, encryptionId=9c72890153c, topicName=血小板减少)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a1646442901, createdName=ms4000001513304915, createdTime=Tue Apr 14 23:45:38 CST 2026, time=2026-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=广东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2307561, encodeId=9aae230e56175, content=认真学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=16, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6EF3hKja8nER8RMzxQdria9eCYFhgLTLsDOeqnvIYdeLDz5eP6EnicLuE5gibiawgno4zUA0jAR7Nbtp2llQ9fs3Mk/0, createdBy=278f1986883, createdName=医鸣惊人, createdTime=Tue Apr 14 20:30:16 CST 2026, time=2026-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=山西省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2307497, encodeId=8b42230e49762, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6ccf138992a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肝病相关血小板减少症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=138992, encryptionId=6ccf138992a9, topicName=肝病相关血小板减少症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cade5395722, createdName=梅斯管理员, createdTime=Tue Apr 14 12:00:28 CST 2026, time=2026-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=上海)]
    2026-04-14 梅斯管理员 来自上海

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