世界哮喘日:提高哮喘控制率 需规范诊疗与患者自我管理并重

2018-05-01 王坤朔 新华网

今年的5月1日是第20个“世界哮喘日”,主题为“重视气道疾病防治:从现在开始”。“从近年来的统计情况来看,每年5月都会出现一波哮喘的就诊、咨询高峰,这不单单是因为春夏交替哮喘高发,5月份的‘世界哮喘日’宣传活动也起到了一定作用,密集的媒体宣传报道让人们关注到哮喘,到医院就诊。”中国哮喘联盟总负责人、中日友好医院林江涛教授表示,宣传教育对于提高哮喘的整体控制率做出了一定贡献。在今年的“世界哮喘日”前

今年的5月1日是第20个“世界哮喘日”,主题为“重视气道疾病防治:从现在开始”。“从近年来的统计情况来看,每年5月都会出现一波哮喘的就诊、咨询高峰,这不单单是因为春夏交替哮喘高发,5月份的‘世界哮喘日’宣传活动也起到了一定作用,密集的媒体宣传报道让人们关注到哮喘,到医院就诊。”中国哮喘联盟总负责人、中日友好医院林江涛教授表示,宣传教育对于提高哮喘的整体控制率做出了一定贡献。

在今年的“世界哮喘日”前夕,中国哮喘联盟联合中华医学会呼吸病学分会哮喘学组和全国哮喘研究协作组召开了“2018世界哮喘日新闻发布会”,多位呼吸科专家呼吁要继续加强对哮喘的宣教工作,号召社会各方力量行动起来关注哮喘。

加强宣教有助提高哮喘总体控制率

据估算,目前全球至少有3亿以上哮喘患者,我国约占3000万,更为严峻的是,我国哮喘整体控制率不佳,城区患者的控制率不足三成。

林江涛表示,调查显示,我国2016年城区哮喘总体控制率为28.5%,哮喘发作急诊就诊率为22.3%,都较2008年的调查数据有明显改善,同时,门诊哮喘患者对疾病认识、规律用药等方面都有明显提高,因哮喘急性发作住院人数、病死率出现明显降低。

林江涛认为,我国哮喘控制水平的提高,显示出全国范围内哮喘教育和管理工作取得了积极作用,也间接验证了推广哮喘规范化治疗的成效。他用“翻山越岭去讲课”来形容近年来呼吸界对于加强哮喘宣传教育和推动哮喘规范化诊疗所作出的努力,也确实取得了显着的成效。未来,互联网、大数据、移动媒体等工具将被更多地应用到哮喘宣教和管理中。

据了解,为进一步强化哮喘控制的总体策略,我国相继发布了“支气管哮喘防治指南”、“支气管哮喘控制的中国专家共识”以及“中国支气管哮喘防治指南(基层版)”等文件,对哮喘的诊断、治疗、预防和管理工作起到了很好的指导作用,但与发达国家以及指南的要求相比,我国哮喘防治依然面临巨大的挑战,如加拿大在2004年的哮喘控制率为47%,美国在2005年的控制率为45%。

控制哮喘 规范诊疗和日常管理并重

哮喘一旦确诊,几乎不能根治,但通过规范的治疗和日常管理,可以达到长期良好的控制结果,可以像健康人一样享受生活。林江涛指出,良好的哮喘控制有六条指标:首先是没有日间症状,即白天没有症状;二是夜间也没有症状,晚上不会影响睡眠,不会憋醒。三是日常活动不受限制,可以出门,能参加户外活动,能出差,能长途旅行,控制得当的哮喘患者能爬山;四是不需要服用缓解哮喘的药物,只需用平时的维持药。五是肺功能正常;六是没有急性发作。“哮喘需要全社会的参与,医生规范化诊治,患者加强自我管理意识,接受正规治疗,科学用药,最终可实现哮喘控制”。林江涛说。

南京医科大学第一附属医院呼吸科殷凯生教授提醒,哮喘通常起病于青少年儿童时期,一般很难治愈,如果看到广告声称某种药物可以根治哮喘,尤其是打着“祖传”“秘方”“偏方”等旗号的,很多都是掺有糖皮质激素粉末的伪劣产品,绝不可信,要到正规医疗机构接受治疗。令人痛心的是,很多农村地区的哮喘患者深受假药所害。

殷凯生强调,医生要对哮喘有正确、积极的认识,不要认为治不好,患者经过规范的治疗和科学的管理,可以达到很好的控制效果。“作为一种慢性病,在病程中绝大多数时间是患者自行用药。医生要及时了解患者的真实思想、顾虑,针对性做说服工作。”殷凯生说,哮喘患者的自我管理可提高患者依从性和哮喘控制率,减少哮喘急诊次数,显着提高哮喘的控制水平。

哮喘患者要坚持写“哮喘日记”

中华医学会呼吸病学分会哮喘学组组长、上海交通大学附属第一人民医院呼吸科学科带头人周新教授表示,实现哮喘控制目标要进行综合管理,医患联合可最大限度控制哮喘,降低发病带来的负担,其中,患者在日常生活中的自我管理非常重要。

周新表示,哮喘患者首先要正确理解疾病,认识到哮喘是可治疗可控制的慢性病,了解哮喘的治疗方法,主动参与到哮喘的控制和管理;要明确诱发哮喘的危险因素,避免接触发作因素;掌握正确的药物吸入方法,特别是干粉吸入粉剂、定量气雾剂、储雾罐、雾化器等吸入装置;针对不同状况采取恰当的预防和处理措施,针对日常治疗和急性发作选择合适的医疗资源;能够熟练使用哮喘自我管理工具,正确使用峰流速仪,坚持准确记录哮喘日记。

“哮喘患者的家属也应该参与到患者的日常管理中,提醒患者保持健康的生活习惯,监督规范用药,像管理血压、血糖那样帮助帮助管理哮喘。”周新建议。

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    2018-05-01 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

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    2018-05-01 秀红

    学习了

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2038163, encodeId=7d5b203816359, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=badb9065927' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#规范诊疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90659, encryptionId=badb9065927, topicName=规范诊疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=82ba2500166, createdName=ms1467340776200723, createdTime=Tue Sep 04 20:54:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1435084, encodeId=93451435084f4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b3718618000' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自我管理#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86180, encryptionId=b3718618000, topicName=自我管理)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Wed May 02 23:54:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=310980, encodeId=4475310980be, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Tue May 01 12:56:27 CST 2018, time=2018-05-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=310954, encodeId=5ddf310954a9, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/01/15/8213228fe923915543544ad3da7e1c64.jpg, createdBy=6bd82014262, createdName=秀红, createdTime=Tue May 01 09:58:06 CST 2018, time=2018-05-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=310947, encodeId=4f9831094e3c, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a8f22260741, createdName=121832a9m88暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue May 01 09:51:18 CST 2018, time=2018-05-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-01 121832a9m88暂无昵称

    学习了

    0