Cell:结肠-微生物群维持稳态,原来是这种新型细胞的功劳

2020-10-04 张佳兴 生物探索

肠道作为一种特殊的器官,不同区域具有不同的解剖和生理作用,控制营养物质、电解质和水从肠腔吸收进入血液循环,并阻止有毒管腔物质的吸收。肠屏障的破坏可导致多种病理变化。

肠道作为一种特殊的器官,不同区域具有不同的解剖和生理作用,控制营养物质、电解质和水从肠腔吸收进入血液循环,并阻止有毒管腔物质的吸收。肠屏障的破坏可导致多种病理变化,从营养剥夺和炎症性肠道疾病到脓毒症,甚至导致多器官衰竭。其中,远端结肠在液体吸收过程中尤为重要,因此结肠粘膜必须严格调节液体吸收,以避免有毒真菌代谢物进入上皮细胞并进一步进入血液循环。但具体的调控作用机制尚不清楚。

近日,来自法国巴黎PSL研究大学居里研究所的Ana-Maria Lennon-Duménil和Danijela Matic Vignjevic课题组研究人员在Cell发表题为Macrophages Maintain Epithelium Integrity by Limiting Fungal Product Absorption的研究论文,他们发现巨噬细胞结肠-微生物群相互作用中至关重要,可通过限制真菌产物的吸收来维持上皮的完整性。

肠道免疫系统是高度分区的,不同类型的细胞沿着肠道梯度分布。研究人员首先使用CD64DTR小鼠模型耗竭巨噬细胞,并评估了上皮的状态,发现巨噬细胞耗竭导致远端结肠上皮细胞大量凋亡,提示巨噬细胞可能特异性地促进远端结肠上皮细胞的存活。

巨噬细胞调控远端结肠上皮细胞的存活和屏障完整性

研究人员发现远端结肠中,巨噬细胞在上皮细胞之间有“气球样”突起(BLP)。在耗竭巨噬细胞或没有BLP时,上皮细胞会不断吸收含有真菌产物的液体,从而导致其死亡并随后丧失上皮屏障完整性。

巨噬细胞在上皮细胞之间的“气球样”突起(BLP)

进一步实验中,研究人员发现,BLP+巨噬细胞高表达CD11c。在鉴定BLP+巨噬细胞的特异性基因后,研究人员发现,与BLP-巨噬细胞相比,BLP+巨噬细胞中分别有88个表达上调的基因和122个表达下调的基因。在这些基因中,有几个基因可能与微生物区系识别和结肠中的炎症的发生直接或间接相关,如lgal3、plaur、Il1b、Ilr2和CD9。

单细胞测序的结果表明,结肠BLP+巨噬细胞属于一个特定的巨噬细胞亚群,该亚群在远端结肠富集,与上皮细胞形成紧密的相互作用,可能受微生物区系的影响。

肠道真菌促进BLPs的形成,巨噬细胞对真菌毒素诱导的上皮细胞死亡有保护作用,并且BLP在该过程中发挥了重要作用。

巨噬细胞作用模式图

总的来说,研究人员首次描述了迄今尚未发现的远端结肠中一类特殊的巨噬细胞亚群,并揭示了该巨噬细胞在维持结肠-微生物群稳态中惊人的重要作用,它们帮助上皮细胞在渗透压、粪便凝固和微生物负荷升高的环境中保持其完整性。关于BLP+巨噬细胞如何调节上皮细胞进行液体吸收的稳态,以及这种机制的改变是否会导致IBD和癌症等病理改变,研究人员表示随后将进行深入的研究。

原始出处:

Aleksandra S Chikina, Francesca Nadalin, Mathieu Maurin, et al.Macrophages Maintain Epithelium Integrity by Limiting Fungal Product Absorption.Cell. 2020 Sep 23;S0092-8674(20)31090-4. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.048.

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    2021-03-02 changfy
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    2021-04-26 维他命
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