Stem Cell Rep:干细胞能逆转糖尿病吗?

2019-02-01 佚名 中国生物技术网

对于糖尿病患者来说,通过恰当的护理方法可以控制住病情,但目前还没有彻底治愈的方法。一些科学家认为,将干细胞转化为分泌胰岛素的细胞或许能带来治愈糖尿病的希望。

对于糖尿病患者来说,通过恰当的护理方法可以控制住病情,但目前还没有彻底治愈的方法。一些科学家认为,将干细胞转化为分泌胰岛素的细胞或许能带来治愈糖尿病的希望。



近日,美国华盛顿大学(UW)医学院在《Stem Cell Reports》上发表的一项研究,对于未来糖尿病的治疗具有重要意义。



在过去的研究中,研究人员成功将干细胞转化为能产生胰岛素的β细胞。然而,在早期的尝试中这种方法出现了问题,主要是因为很难调节新β细胞产生的的胰岛素水平。

UW的研究团队通过调整细胞发育的方式,已经产生了对血液中葡萄糖水平更敏感的β细胞。

研究人员发现,当他们将这些新细胞移植到无法产生胰岛素的小鼠体内时,这些细胞在几天内就会开始分泌胰岛素。更好的是,这些细胞可以帮助控制小鼠的血糖长达数月。



首席研究员Jeffrey R. Millman博士说:“我们已经能克服这些细胞在以前开发方式中的主要问题。而且,新的胰岛素生成细胞在遇到葡萄糖时反应更快更恰当。这些细胞的行为更像是没有糖尿病人体内的β细胞。”

这种方法对人类有效吗?

随着糖尿病发病率的持续上升,毫无疑问研究人员非常希望找到治疗这种疾病的新方法。

Millman博士是2014年首次将皮肤细胞转化为干细胞研究团队的成员,然后他们又在2016年使用糖尿病患者的皮肤细胞转化为干细胞。

在这两次研究中,研究团队都致力于将干细胞转化为胰岛素生成细胞,但是这些新细胞并不能很好地发挥作用。在某些情况下,它们会产生过多的胰岛素,而在另一些情况下,又无法产生足够的胰岛素。这两种情况对于控制糖尿病都是不利的。

然而,在这项新研究中,新产生的细胞更加可靠。

Millman博士说:“这些新细胞更加敏感,分泌的胰岛素能更好地响应葡萄糖水平。”

这项研究为糖尿病研究者提供了一个令人兴奋的新方向,它能否产生胰岛素并在人体中很好地发挥作用?研究团队表示临床试验是必须的,但首先需要开发一种在人体内安全检测细胞的方法。

如果真能达到这一目标,Millman计划大规模生产这种细胞。他和他的团队在短短几周内就已经产生了超过十亿个β细胞。尽管前面还有很长的路要走,但原则上,这对糖尿病的治疗将是一个重大的促进。

原始出处:
Leonardo Velazco-Cruz, Jiwon Song, Kristina G. Maxwell, et al. Acquisition of Dynamic Function in Human Stem Cell-Derived β Cells. Stem Cell Reports. Jan 2019.

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    2019-10-13 维他命
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    2019-02-02 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

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