ISC 2018:与自我报告相比,遗传血统检测更好地预测出血性卒中风险

2018-02-04 国际循环编辑部 国际循环

1月24日,ISC 2018大会上发布的一项最新研究表明,与基于受试者自我报告的种族、文化认同相比,遗传血统检测更容易识别四种卒中危险因素(糖尿病、高胆固醇血症、冠状动脉斑块聚积及心律不齐),有助于更准确地识别出血性卒中高危患者。

卒中是美国的第五大死亡原因,也是导致长期残疾的主要原因。当受损的大脑血管发生堵塞或破裂时,大脑的供血及供氧受限,发生卒中。因此,一旦人体出现面部、手臂、腿部麻木或是视力障碍、头晕、行走困难及无明显原因的严重头痛等突发性征兆时,应立即接受治疗。通过控制高血压及高胆固醇血症、改变生活方式(不吸烟、增加体力活动、健康饮食)及治疗其他心血管疾病,我们以降低卒中风险。与很多其他疾病一样,卒中风险除受环境因素影响外还能受遗传因素的影响。卒中存在遗传风险的很好佐证是卒中家族史的存在。此外,有研究表明,与白种人相比,黑人更容易罹患卒中,当然,这可能与后者高血压、肥胖及糖尿病发病率更高有关。

危险因素的防治是降低卒中负担的最重要措施,而准确识别卒中高危患者是实施针对性预防策略的第一步。1月24日,ISC 2018大会上发布的一项最新研究表明,与基于受试者自我报告的种族、文化认同相比,遗传血统检测更容易识别四种卒中危险因素(糖尿病、高胆固醇血症、冠状动脉斑块聚积及心律不齐),有助于更准确地识别出血性卒中高危患者。

研究者麻省总医院的Sandro Marini等对美国大规模多中心颅内出血种族变异(ERICH)研究中4935例患者的数据进行分析。受试患者中黑人、白种人、西班牙裔人群的比例分别为35%、35%和30%,男性占半数以上,年龄为40~79岁不等。人类的DNA几乎相同,不同人群中仅存在很小的差异。该研究的研究者则通过寻找DNA分子序列中的15个变化来识别不同人群的上述微小差异,将基因血统检测结果与具有四种已知卒中危险因素的不同区域人群进行关联分析,然后采用统计学方法计算受试者的卒中风险。结果发现,与受试者自我报告的种族或族裔相比,采用基因血统检测能更好地识别糖尿病、高胆固醇血症、冠状动脉斑块积聚及心律不齐四大已知卒中危险因素,尤其是对于黑人及西班牙裔受试者更是如此。

上述结果提示,与传统危险因素相比,遗传血统标志物能能提供更详细的风险评估。遗传血糖有望成为控制在各种族或族裔间存在变异的、与颅内出血危险因素具有相关性的遗传及环境暴露的准确方法。临床实践中,仅根据自我报告来判断个体的种族或族裔会使我们遗漏对于复杂疾病风险预测具有重要价值的信息。

该研究的局限性在于受试患者自我报告的血管危险因素的诊断信息可能并不完全正确。此外,研究仅涉及黑人、白种人及西班牙裔人群,故其结果可能并不适用于其他种族人群。另外,对于卒中外其他疾病,与基因检测相比,自我报告的种族能更准确地预防风险。

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    2018-02-06 yankaienglish
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    2018-02-04 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

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