美癌症研究所彻底“检修”肿瘤细胞系

2016-02-25 徐徐 中国科学报

在被全球研究人员大量使用了25年后,美国国家癌症研究所(NCI)决定让NCI-60从其药物筛选程序中“退休”。NCI-60是指在培养基中生长的60种人类癌细胞系。今年春末,该研究所将启动一个得到更新的癌症模型库。这些模型来源于病人的新鲜样本,并且被标记上病人临床治疗的过往细节。 NCI的此项举措回应了对与病人产生更紧密联系的癌症模型的广泛需求。2月11日,癌症研究人员聚集在路易斯安那州新奥尔良,

在被全球研究人员大量使用了25年后,美国国家癌症研究所(NCI)决定让NCI-60从其药物筛选程序中“退休”。NCI-60是指在培养基中生长的60种人类癌细胞系。今年春末,该研究所将启动一个得到更新的癌症模型库。这些模型来源于病人的新鲜样本,并且被标记上病人临床治疗的过往细节。

NCI的此项举措回应了对与病人产生更紧密联系的癌症模型的广泛需求。2月11日,癌症研究人员聚集在路易斯安那州新奥尔良,参加由美国癌症研究协会举办的会议。此次会议聚焦的是来自临床样本的新癌症模型的创建。

自1990年起,业界和学术界利用NCI-60筛选出10万余种化合物,以研究癌症的分子细节并找到治疗癌症的药物。

NCI癌症治疗和诊断部门负责人James Doroshow表示,在NCI-60被建立时,研究人员对癌症有了一种完全不同的了解。“30年前的想法是,如果你发现了在6种乳腺癌细胞系中起作用的药物,那么你就能用它治疗乳腺癌。”Doroshow介绍说,“但事实不是那样。”

自此以后,乳腺癌被分拆成基于基因突变的亚分类,而每个类别可能对治疗产生不同的反应。

然而,正如很多其他癌细胞系,NCI-60已在培养基中生存了上千代。这种环境同细胞系的原生环境相差很大。随着时间的流逝,这些细胞适应了塑料培养皿的环境,并且改变了其基因构成和行为。

NCI将继续向研究人员提供NCI-60细胞系,但最终将把药物筛选重新聚焦于更新的模型。它正在研发上百个“来自病人的异种移植”(PDX)模型。这些模型通过将小块的人类肿瘤移植到小鼠体内而创建起来。在小鼠体内,肿瘤的生长环境能更好地模拟细胞系的原生环境。它们会被取出来并再次移植到其他小鼠体内,从而使科学家得以在多种动物体内研究特定肿瘤。NCI将向研究人员提供来自这些PDX的细胞,同时包括每个肿瘤基因构成和基因表达模式的数据,以及捐赠者的治疗历史。

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    2016-02-25 sillywu

    不成熟的想法就别这么大肆宣扬啊

    0

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    2016-02-25 medcardio

    大部分细胞系都污染了

    0

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