Lancet Public Health:你的视力还好吗?柳叶刀子刊发布中国1990-2019年视力损失调查报告

2020-12-30 中国生物技术网 生物探索

根据国家卫健委的数据显示,2018年全国儿童青少年总体近视率为53.6%,其中,6岁儿童为14.5%,小学生为36.0%,初中生为71.6%,高中生为81.0%。

近日,中南大学爱尔眼科学院在“第二届国民视觉健康高峰论坛”发布了《2020中国青少年近视防控大数据报告》。该报告显示,与2019年底相比,今年疫情发生后半年来学生近视率增加了11.7%。不到一年增加了11.7%,确实让人触目惊心。

根据国家卫健委的数据显示,2018年全国儿童青少年总体近视率为53.6%,其中,6岁儿童为14.5%,小学生为36.0%,初中生为71.6%,高中生为81.0%。也就是说,我国儿童青少年中每两人就有一人近视。

我们再来看一篇最新的研究报告。

近日,发表在《The Lancet Public Health(柳叶刀公共卫生)》上的一项研究中,由中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心副主任周脉耕和北京同仁医院眼科中心主任王宁利领导的研究团队,详细分析了中国1990至2019年间国人视力障碍、失明患病率的原因以及区域分布。该研究报告为公共卫生防治政策的制定提供了必要的信息。

视力下降在中国已是一个重要的公共卫生问题,不仅影响经济和教育机会,也会降低生活质量并增加死亡风险。

去年,全国政协委员、首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院眼科中心主任王宁利在回答关于“加强视力保护应该采取哪些举措”时称:“我国近视的发病年龄越来越小,患病率居高不下。近视眼防控没有神医,没有神器,必须是国家战略、全民行动。”

作为世界上人口最多的国家,中国有大量患有中度至重度视力障碍或失明的患者。因失明和视力丧失而导致的残障人士在所有健康障碍中排名第二,仅次于听力损失。在过去的十年中,在政府相关政策的大力推动下,我国主要的致盲性眼疾已得到有效控制。

但是,随着人口老龄化以及肥胖和糖尿病患者的增加,与年龄有关的眼病、糖尿病性视网膜病和其他慢性眼病引起的视力损害可能会继续增加。

在这项研究中,研究人员利用2019年全球疾病负担、伤害和风险因素研究(GBD)的数据调查了中国中度和重度视力损害和失明的患病率,并与其他20国集团(G20)国家进行比较,然后评估了1990年和2019年中国各省按年龄分类的中、重度视力障碍和失明的患病率,以及这29年间由各种眼疾引起的视力丧失比例的变化。

对于每种主要眼部疾病,研究人员还估计了1990年至2019年之间由于人口增长、人口结构以及特定年龄段患病率导致的患者人数变化。

调查结果显示:

2019年,我国中度视力障碍的年龄标准化患病率为2.57%;重度视力为0.25%;失明率为0.48%,均低于全球平均水平。

但从1990年到2019年间,中国按年龄分类的中度视力障碍患病率上升了12·17%,增速远高于其他G20国家。全球平均值为1.48%。

2019年,我国中、重度视力障碍、失明的整体患病率分别为:3.23%(4592万)、0.33%(467万)和0.61%(869万)。中度视力障碍的患病率明显高于重度视力障碍和失明的患病率。

视力下降的患病率随年龄的增长而增加,不同年龄组视力下降的主要原因各不相同。具体而言,1990年和2019年,中国总人口视力损害的主要原因是未矫正屈光不正、白内障和黄斑变性。

此外,女性视力丧失的总体患病率高于男性:在70岁以上人群中,中重度视力障碍、白内障引起失明的女性人数,约是同年龄段男性的两倍。

视力下降的患病率随年龄增长而增加,视力下降的主要原因因年龄组而异。

具体如下:

70岁以下人群:维生素A缺乏症、早产儿视网膜病变、脑膜炎等是引发失明的主要原因;

70岁以上人群中,白内障则是主要原因。

此外,该团队还研究了不同省份视力下降的患病率和原因,这对于了解各种眼病的地理分布和制定防治策略具有重要意义。研究结果表明,尽管过去29年中国大部分省份的视力下降趋势与总体趋势保持一致,但各省之间存在明显差异。

具体而言:

2019年,甘肃、香港和湖北的中度视力损害的患病率较高;西南和南部地区(重庆、广西和西藏)重度视力损害的患病率较高;西南地区(西藏和云南)失明率较高。这些模式可以由地方经济发展的差异、保健服务的质量以及人们与健康相关的知识和行为来解释。国内有研究表明,海南省白内障手术覆盖率较高,但手术质量不理想,可能影响术后视力的恢复。此外,西藏独特的高海拔环境可能也会影响视力健康。

总之,视力下降已是中国重要的公共卫生问题。尽管中国在减少特定年龄段的失明患病率方面取得了显著进展,但中度和重度视力障碍的情况仍然严峻。作者呼吁,中国与眼睛健康有关的公共卫生政策应更加关注公众的整体视觉健康,并提高其对眼保健的意识。

原始出处:

Tingling Xu, Bingsong Wang, Hua Liu ,et al.Prevalence and causes of vision loss in China from 1990 to 2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Public Health. 2020 Dec;5(12):e682-e691. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30254-1.

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    2021-04-21 howi
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    2021-11-22 shizhenshan
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    2021-01-05 王志英

    青少年眼睛健康问题一直都没有很好的解决,#学习#

    0

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1830956, encodeId=60421830956f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Wed Apr 21 08:55:36 CST 2021, time=2021-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1861417, encodeId=fa60186141e51, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=401a23e102' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ALT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2371, encryptionId=401a23e102, topicName=ALT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ccbd84, createdName=shizhenshan, createdTime=Mon Nov 22 02:55:36 CST 2021, time=2021-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=913757, encodeId=01f0913e57b7, content=青少年眼睛健康问题一直都没有很好的解决,<a href='/topic/show?id=23e3454e353' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学习#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45473, encryptionId=23e3454e353, topicName=学习)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2020/05/13/5278ce3e7bbaac83661038bc2facdf85.jpg, createdBy=cf2a5328500, createdName=王志英, createdTime=Tue Jan 05 00:07:34 CST 2021, time=2021-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1621880, encodeId=c44c1621880df, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f1386329e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Health#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8632, encryptionId=5f1386329e, topicName=Health)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8d2020283215, createdName=yyanpro@28cn.c, createdTime=Fri Jan 01 02:55:36 CST 2021, time=2021-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=912324, encodeId=b70e912324d9, content=太费积分, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201230/1f9108c11e7340cbb101c33e400cc1d9/8e928dc12d664a51b62fdb230245e703.jpg, createdBy=01325448956, createdName=ms9000001593748319, createdTime=Wed Dec 30 21:43:24 CST 2020, time=2020-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1034101, encodeId=0995103410169, content=顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=goodbing, createdTime=Wed Dec 30 14:55:36 CST 2020, time=2020-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=912139, encodeId=b960912139ce, content=不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0ed45448848, createdName=ms2000000402530364, createdTime=Wed Dec 30 13:22:34 CST 2020, time=2020-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-12-30 ms9000001593748319

    太费积分

    0

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    2020-12-30 goodbing

    顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多

    0

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    2020-12-30 ms2000000402530364

    不错

    0

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