纳武利尤单抗获批成为中国治疗头颈部鳞癌的免疫肿瘤药物

2019-10-09 佚名 肿瘤资讯

近日,PD-1抑制剂纳武利尤单抗(nivolumab,欧狄沃)已正式获得中国国家药品监督管理局(NMPA)批准扩大适应证,适用于治疗接受含铂类方案治疗期间或之后出现疾病进展且肿瘤PD-L1表达阳性(表达PD-L1的肿瘤细胞≥1%)的复发性或转移性头颈部鳞癌(SCCHN)患者。

纳武利尤单抗是中国首个且目前唯一获批用于治疗头颈部鳞癌的PD-1抑制剂

纳武利尤单抗是首个经Ⅲ期临床试验证实可显着改善头颈部鳞癌患者生存期和生活质量的单药治疗

与标准治疗相比,纳武利尤单抗可降低死亡风险32%,提高两年生存率近3倍

纳武利尤单抗已被国内外权威临床指南列为头颈部鳞癌二线治疗的推荐用药

近日,PD-1抑制剂纳武利尤单抗(nivolumab,欧狄沃)已正式获得中国国家药品监督管理局(NMPA)批准扩大适应证,适用于治疗接受含铂类方案治疗期间或之后出现疾病进展且肿瘤PD-L1表达阳性(表达PD-L1的肿瘤细胞≥1%)的复发性或转移性头颈部鳞癌(SCCHN)患者。

作为中国首个获批上市的免疫肿瘤药物,纳武利尤单抗于2018年6月率先在中国获批用于经治非小细胞肺癌患者。头颈部鳞癌是纳武利尤单抗经中国药监部门优先审评审批后予以批准的第二项适应证。伴随该项获批,纳武利尤单抗成为中国首个且目前唯一用于治疗头颈部鳞癌的PD-1抑制剂,标志着中国头颈部鳞癌治疗正式迈入了免疫治疗新时代。

“此次获批是基于CheckMate 141临床研究,包括了不论PD-L1表达和HPV状态的经铂类治疗失败的复发性或转移性头颈部鳞癌患者。结果证实,经纳武利尤单抗治疗的患者可观察到持续的总生存获益。”中国临床肿瘤学会头颈肿瘤专委会主委、同济大学附属东方医院肿瘤医学部副主任兼一期临床试验中心主任郭晔教授表示,“纳武利尤单抗是首个经Ⅲ期临床试验证实单药治疗可显着改善复发性或转移性头颈部鳞癌生存预期与生活质量的免疫肿瘤药物,将引领中国头颈部鳞癌治疗的变革。”

中山大学附属肿瘤医院常务副院长马骏教授表示,“纳武利尤单抗的此次获批将突破中国头颈部鳞癌数十年未有新药出现的困境。我相信免疫肿瘤治疗在未来将与手术、放疗、化疗、靶向治疗 ‘齐头并进’,为中国头颈部鳞癌患者提供全新的治疗选择。”

高复发低生存,头颈部肿瘤患者生活质量差

在中国,每年新发病的头颈部肿瘤患者超过13.5万,死亡病例约为7万,人数远超其他国家及地区,且呈逐年上升趋势。在头颈部鳞癌患者中,约50%会出现复发且多发生于2年内。对于一线治疗失败的复发性或转移性患者,其五年生存率仅3.6%。

此外,由于头颈部肿瘤位置特殊,传统疗法与肿瘤本身在一定程度上会损坏头颈部器官功能,影响患者语言及进食,导致其营养摄取、心理健康与社会功能显着受损。患者迫切希望出现新的治疗选择帮助其延长生存、提高生活质量。

高质量长生存,纳武利尤单抗革新头颈部鳞癌治疗

此次纳武利尤单抗获批治疗头颈部鳞癌是基于一项纳入中国患者人群的全球Ⅲ期临床研究CheckMate 141。结果表明,与研究者选择的标准治疗(多西他赛、甲氨蝶呤或西妥昔单抗)相比,纳武利尤单抗将铂类治疗失败的复发性或转移性头颈部鳞癌患者的两年生存率提高近3倍达到16.9%(标准治疗组6.0%),中位生存期延长至7.7个月(标准治疗组5.1个月),死亡风险降低32%,任何治疗相关不良反应发生率为61.9%(标准治疗组79.3%),3-4级治疗相关的不良反应发生率仅为15.3%(标准治疗组36.9%)。

在头颈部鳞癌PD-L1表达阳性(≥1%)的亚组中,纳武利尤单抗带来的生存获益更为显着。与标准治疗相比,接受纳武利尤单抗治疗的PD-L1表达阳性患者的两年生存率提高超5倍达到18.5%(标准治疗组3.4%),中位生存期达到8.2个月(标准治疗组4.7个月),死亡风险降低45%。

根据头颈部肿瘤生活质量评估量表(EORTC QLQ-H&N35)结果,与标准治疗相比,纳武利尤单抗在治疗第9周或第15周被观察到可显着改善患者生理疼痛、张口问题、认知及社交功能。在纳武利尤单抗治疗组中,患者总体健康状况维持或改善的时间延长至对照组的近2倍,中位时间达到5.4个月(标准治疗组3.1个月)。这证明了纳武利尤单抗不仅可延长头颈部鳞癌患者生存期,还可显着改善其生活质量。

“纳武利尤单抗在中国扩大适应证的意义非凡。它印证了中国政府加速创新药惠及中国患者的‘新力度’,同时也标志着纳武利尤单抗在中国将正式开启泛癌种治疗的‘新征程’。” 百时美施贵宝中国大陆及香港地区总裁Marek Vasicek表示,“作为第一家将免疫肿瘤药物带向世界、惠及中国患者的生物制药企业,我们始终坚持‘以患者为中心’,将自身在免疫肿瘤领域的国际视野与全球经验引入中国。未来,我们将持续关注中国患者最迫切的临床需求,积极探索免疫肿瘤治疗在癌、肝癌、食管癌等中国高发癌种中的应用,为更多中国患者实现‘给生命以时光’的美好愿景。”

纳武利尤单抗是唯一由诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主直接参与开发的PD-1抑制剂,目前已在全球超过65个国家及地区获批18个适应症,涵盖肺癌、头颈部鳞癌、癌、肝癌、肾癌、直肠癌、尿路上皮癌、黑色素瘤、霍奇金淋巴瘤、胸膜肿瘤在内的10个瘤种,惠及超过300,000名患者。

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    2019-10-11 wshxjq
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