JAAD:如何区分刺激性脂溢性角化病与鳞状细胞癌

2021-10-21 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

这种现象更常见于有器官移植相关免疫抑制病史的老年男性。SCC-SK 的恶性转化可能归因于AKT 的激活增强,辐射(紫外线、电离)、砷和人乳头瘤病毒的贡献尚待确定。

 

皮肤科医生经常对脂溢性角化病 (SK) 下过错误的诊断 。据统计在一系列临床鉴定为 SK 或刺激性脂溢性角化病 (ISK) 的 4361 例病理病例中,3759 (86.2%) 例为 SK 或 ISK,466 (10.7%) 例为其他良性诊断,136 (3.1%) 例为恶性肿瘤。大多数(136 例中的 90 例;67%)是原位癌或浸润性鳞状细胞癌 (SCC),136 例中有 33 例(24.3%)是基底细胞癌,136 例中有 12 例(8.8%)是黑色素瘤。1

除了确定单个病变是良性还是恶性外,必须认识到 SCC 可能在 SK 内发展,而不仅仅是作为随机碰撞肿瘤出现。这种现象更常见于有器官移植相关免疫抑制病史的老年男性。SCC-SK 的恶性转化可能归因于AKT 的激活增强,辐射(紫外线、电离)、砷和人乳头瘤病毒的贡献尚待确定。

在本期美国皮肤病学会杂志上,Papageorgiou 等人3研究了可以作为 ISK 和 SCC 之间鉴别诊断的有效预测因子的皮肤镜标准。回顾性分析了总共 104 个 SCC 和 61 个 ISK。SCC 的主要皮肤镜预测因子是点状血管(比值比 [OR],10.4)、分支线性血管(OR,5.30)、白色无结构区域(OR,6.78)、毛囊周围的白色圆圈(OR,23.45)、弥漫性不规则血管(OR, 2.55) 或外围 (OR, 2.8) 血管排列,以及中央尺度排列 (OR, 3.35)。ISK 的皮肤镜预测因子是发夹血管 (OR, 0.38)、弥漫性规则血管排列 (OR, 0.39) 和覆盖超过 10% 病灶的血管周围的白色晕圈 (OR, 0.29)。作者证明,即使 ISK 和 SCC 之间存在显着的形态学重叠,

迄今为止,还没有明确的方法来区分 ISK 和 SCC。Richey 等人4进行了一项免疫组织化学分析,将 ISK 与 SCC 原位 (SCCIS) 进行了比较。103 个 ISK 中有 65 个 (63%) B 细胞淋巴瘤 2 呈阳性,没有一个 (0%) 胰岛素样生长因子 II mRNA 结合蛋白呈阳性,18 个 (18%) 表皮生长因子呈阳性受体。111 例 SCCIS 中有 15 例 (14%) B 细胞淋巴瘤 2 呈阳性,26 例 (23%) 胰岛素样生长因子 II mRNA 结合蛋白呈阳性,27 例 (24%) 表皮生长因子受体呈阳性。作者得出结论,胰岛素样生长因子 II mRNA 结合蛋白和 B 细胞淋巴瘤 2 的组合可能在日常临床实践中用于区分 ISK 和 SCCIS 的诊断效用。

美国皮肤病理学会制定了适当的使用标准,以努力控制成本并提供有效的医疗保健。目前,我将对免疫过氧化物酶染色进行分类,以区分 ISK 和 SCC,美国皮肤病理学会将其命名为“不确定的适用性”。

总有一天,我们将围绕精确的临床和组织病理学标准来区分 ISK 和 SCC。

文献来源:Warren R. Heymann,Irritated seborrheic keratosis versus squamous cell carcinoma: Circling in on their differentiation,
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology,Volume 85, Issue 5,2021,Pages 1119-1120,
ISSN 0190-9622,  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2021.08.042.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190962221023860)

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