Transl Res:CD11b激动剂--狼疮性肾炎治疗新方法

2022-03-24 医路坦克 MedSci原创

疮性肾炎(LN)是系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的一种并发症,在此,我们对CD11b及其在SLE和LN中的相关性作一综述,并建议CD11b的变构激活是治疗SLE和LN的潜在新策略。

      狼疮性肾炎(LN)是系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的一种并发症,病因不明。LN的特点是免疫细胞渗入肾脏,导致破坏性炎症和蛋白尿。CD11b是整合素CD11b/CD18的α链(αMβ2,CR3,Mac-1),表达于浸润性巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞表面。ITGAM基因编码CD11b,具有降低整合素活性的单核苷酸多态(SNPs),与SLE和LN的易感性密切相关。CD11b调节多种生物学功能,包括细胞黏附、迁移和信号转导。白细胞中的Toll样受体(TLR)信号介导多种促炎细胞因子和1型干扰素(IFN I),1型干扰素是SLE和LN的循环生物标志物。最近的研究表明,CD11b的激活抑制了TLR依赖的促炎信号,减轻了实验系统中的炎症损伤和LN。在此,我们对CD11b及其在SLE和LN中的相关性作一综述,并建议CD11b的变构激活是治疗SLE和LN的潜在新策略。

    整合素CD11b/CD18在白细胞生物学中发挥重要作用。它表达于单核细胞、中性粒细胞、树突状细胞、自然杀伤细胞、巨噬细胞以及B和T细胞亚群。作为一种受体,CD11b/CD18二聚体结合了40多种配体,包括细胞间黏附分子(ICAM)家族成员、补体蛋白iC3b和纤维蛋白原,调节多种白细胞功能,包括细胞黏附、迁移、吞噬、促炎信号、组织募集、氧化爆发和细胞凋亡。鉴于这些作用,CD11b/CD18长期以来一直被认为是促进宿主防御途径的促炎受体,尽管最近的研究也表明它通过调节其他促炎受体的细胞内信号而具有抗炎作用。这表明CD11b以一种高度上下文的方式促进或调节炎症。

    CD11b是CD11b/CD18的α链,最初发现于白细胞黏附缺陷-1(LAD-1)患者。LAD1是一种常染色体隐性遗传病,其特征是反复发生细菌感染,伤口愈合受损,粒细胞和白细胞功能异常。LAD1中的白细胞缺乏整合素的表面表达,这是由于CD11b/CD18CD11b链或α链的突变所致。LAD1患者患有反复发作的危及生命的感染,无法击退和摧毁入侵的病原体。LAD1中性粒细胞的粘附性、趋化性和渗出性显著降低,并且不能杀灭细菌。这表明CD11b的主要作用是促进炎症以控制感染。缺乏CD11b(CD11b-/-)的小鼠模仿LAD1患者观察到的许多特征,尽管不是全部。CD11b-/-中性粒细胞表现为黏附、扩散、吞噬和氧化爆发受损,表现为缺陷的迁移和组织募集(其外渗反常增加)和延迟的细胞凋亡。CD11b缺陷小鼠也表现出对炎症和自身免疫性疾病的易感性,尽管它们也显示出狼疮易感小鼠白细胞组织渗透增加、IC沉积增加和免疫介导的肾小球损伤,这表明CD11b具有额外的抗炎作用。在脓毒症和系统性红斑狼疮模型中,CD11b缺乏导致循环中促炎细胞因子水平增加。因此,CD11b基因或功能缺陷的动物表现出过度增强的免疫反应和组织损伤的倾向并不是意外的,因为CD11b在白细胞迁移和募集以及吞噬介导的清除调理颗粒、凋亡碎片和IC方面具有关键功能,而CD11b的缺乏将影响对旺盛免疫反应的控制。相反,一些研究也表明,CD11b促进炎症损伤,在其他动物模型中,封闭CD11b(或CD18)或CD11b缺陷可减少炎症和组织损伤。因此,已发表的文献并不完全清楚用拮抗剂阻断CD11b或其缺失(通过敲除或敲除)是否具有治疗炎症性和自身免疫性疾病的适用性,而且该方法可能高度依赖于实验性模型系统和组织上下文。

   在此,我们回顾了CD11b在LN中对白细胞的作用的文献。我们还结合了最近几项研究的结论,这些研究表明,这些ITGAM SNPs导致CD11b蛋白在白细胞中抑制TLR依赖的促炎途径的能力较弱,通过新型小分子激动剂激活CD11b抑制TLR依赖的途径,包括降低循环中干扰素I和抗dsDNA抗体的水平,以及在模型系统中CD11b激活减少LN。

图1.整合素CD11b/CD18的结构。A.基于已公布的同源2整合素CD11c/CD18胞外结构的低亲和力构象的全长整合素CD11b/CD18.。该模型还描述了配体结合A结构域和配体结合部位(金属离子依赖的结合部位,MIDAS)的相对位置。B.整合素CD11b/CD18单链中的结构域组织。C.CD11b的A-结构域在两种构象状态下的重叠模型--低亲和力、非活性构象(蓝色,来自1jlm.pdb(61))和高亲和力活性构象(粉红色,来自1m1u.pdb(150))。图中还显示了激活引起的F链和α7螺旋附近变构口袋的变化,这显示了这两种结构之间的最大变化(箭头)。Midas站点上的一个金属离子显示为一个红色球体。

图2 整合素激活和层粘连蛋白相关突变。该图显示了整合素CD11b/CD18在整合素激活时预期的大的构象变化。在基础条件下,整合素主要以弯曲的、低亲和力的构象存在于循环白细胞表面。激活后,二聚体改变构象,采用更直立、更活跃、更高亲和力的形式,在MIDAS位点与大的高亲和力的细胞外配体结合(以红色球体表示MIDAS位点的金属离子)。图中还显示了注释ITGAM变体编码的三个CD11b突变中每一个的相对位置。

3.依赖TLR的信号通路受CD11b变构激活的调节。传统的肿瘤坏死因子受体依赖的信号转导途径是通过膜上募集的MyD88/TRIF蛋白,导致核转录因子B复合体的磷酸化和核输入,从而在转录水平上上调促炎分子,如IL-6、IL-1α和β。TLR依赖信号的第二个臂导致AKT依赖的磷酸化和FOX03的降解,导致干扰素I途径的下调,导致干扰素I的转录上调。新的小分子变构激动剂,如La1,激活CD11b,导致激动剂Src和Syk的募集,导致TLRs下游的MyD88/TRIF的磷酸化和随后的降解。这会抑制p65的磷酸化,减少核因子B的核转位,抑制促炎细胞因子IL-6、IL-1α和β的产生。CD11b的变构激活也抑制了Akt的磷酸化,降低了pFOXO_3的水平,这使得FOXO_3的进口可以抑制IRF3/IRF7介导的干扰素α/β的表达。

   ITGAM中的SNP与SLE和LN的风险大约相关。20%的系统性红斑狼疮和狼疮性肾炎患者,也与患者体内干扰素水平升高有关。最近的研究表明,整合素CD11b在调节白细胞中的促炎TLR信号通路中起着至关重要的作用。研究还表明,与SLE和LN相关的编码ITGAM SNPs产生一种缺陷的整合素,其在白细胞中的生物学功能降低,包括与已知配体的结合减少,细胞黏附、吞噬和Catchond形成减少,以及无法减少TLR途径下游促炎细胞因子的产生,提示外源性激活CD11b可能是一种潜在的治疗策略。事实上,CD11b的变构激活,通过药理学或遗传学方法,导致抑制白细胞中TLR依赖的炎症途径,包括产生干扰素I,并挽救表达突变整合素的人类供体细胞的功能缺陷。这些研究表明,整合素CD11b是SLE和LN的重要治疗靶点,并牢固地确立了CD11b的变构激活作为有效治疗此类自身免疫性疾病的新的关键治疗范例。

文献来源:Villanueva V,  Li X,  Jimenez V,  CD11b agonists offer a novel approach for treating lupus nephritis.Transl Res 2022 Mar 11;

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  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2083170, encodeId=7dec20831e02c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=79e264641cd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗新方法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64641, encryptionId=79e264641cd, topicName=治疗新方法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=793a2500200, createdName=12498e5fm12(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sun Nov 27 00:11:27 CST 2022, time=2022-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2067622, encodeId=31d1206e622a0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d0841e75535' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Transl#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17755, encryptionId=d0841e75535, topicName=Transl)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=395f25, createdName=爆笑小医, createdTime=Mon Jan 30 11:11:27 CST 2023, time=2023-01-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1649522, encodeId=695f164952293, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dace4258b4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CD11b#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4258, encryptionId=dace4258b4, topicName=CD11b)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=972f23850947, createdName=cenghis, createdTime=Fri Aug 26 22:11:27 CST 2022, time=2022-08-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1657623, encodeId=e36f165e6235e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3ca31e71903' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TRA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17719, encryptionId=3ca31e71903, topicName=TRA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=757b24868428, createdName=bsmagic9140, createdTime=Sat Sep 10 09:11:27 CST 2022, time=2022-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1903438, encodeId=34db1903438a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e1b0583884b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新方法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58388, encryptionId=e1b0583884b, topicName=新方法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c22f171, createdName=kord1982, createdTime=Fri Jul 15 06:11:27 CST 2022, time=2022-07-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1205999, encodeId=0ab2120599978, content=学习新知识。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e1e52476457, createdName=郜建新, createdTime=Fri Mar 25 23:22:10 CST 2022, time=2022-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1387520, encodeId=c01e138e520c3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8a3a6814425' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#狼疮#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=68144, encryptionId=8a3a6814425, topicName=狼疮)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7a6e2500005, createdName=sunrural_42825357, createdTime=Thu Mar 24 04:11:27 CST 2022, time=2022-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1532324, encodeId=78131532324ce, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=10b5825e4aa' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82574, encryptionId=10b5825e4aa, topicName=肾炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=84df12331144, createdName=villahu, createdTime=Thu Mar 24 04:11:27 CST 2022, time=2022-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1627882, encodeId=60be162e882de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ab4f66e8913' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#激动剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66789, encryptionId=ab4f66e8913, topicName=激动剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=95bc21134754, createdName=medscijoin, createdTime=Thu Mar 24 04:11:27 CST 2022, time=2022-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-08-26 cenghis
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    2022-09-10 bsmagic9140
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    2022-03-25 郜建新

    学习新知识。

    0

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    2022-03-24 villahu
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