欧洲糖尿病研究协会: 45万人数据提示,确诊“糖人”越年轻,肾脏负担越重!

2021-06-18 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

糖尿病诊断时越年轻,放大了糖尿病持续时间增加对CKD风险增加的影响。

近几十年来,生活环境的巨大变化带来了肥胖率愈加严重,随之而出现的糖尿病患病率也快速增长。这一个庞大的基数,意味着将会有相当比例的年轻人即将或者已经步入糖尿病阶段。

有充分的证据显示,年轻时期诊断2型糖尿病(T2DM)的人群,预期寿命将会缩短,全因死亡率更高。但目前研究并没有将糖尿病诊断年龄进行分层来比较死亡率风险,并且没有考虑到糖尿病病程等影响因素。此外,较少研究去探讨糖尿病诊断年龄对血管及非心血管疾病死亡率的影响。

去年年底,一项发表在欧洲糖尿病研究协会旗下期刊Diabetologia上的新研究发现,2型糖尿病患者确诊年龄越小,越致命。

该研究由澳大利亚墨尔本莫纳什大学内分泌学家娜塔莉·楠雅卡拉(Natalie Nanayakkara)主导。楠雅卡拉领导的研究团队调研了26项过往研究,样本囊括30个国家的130万人,其中部分研究的追踪时间长达十年甚至更久,参与者的平均年龄范围为22岁至67岁。

他们发现,2型糖尿病患者患病时越年轻,罹患并发症(如心脏病和中风)的风险也越高。在研究中,她的团队融合了26项研究结果。整体来讲,理论上患者确诊时年龄越大,状况越好。

具体而言,确诊2型糖尿病的患者年龄每高一岁,含血管破坏风险的疾病(包含严重的心脏疾病、中风以及视网膜病变等)发病率便会下降3%到5%同时,年轻患者会面临过早死亡的风险:整体而言,确诊病例中患者年龄每增加一岁,死亡的可能性就会降低4%

那么,作为心血管疾病最常见的并发症之一——慢性肾脏病(CKD)的风险是否与糖尿病的确诊年龄有关?为了解答上述问题,来自香港中文大学医学系的专家研究了糖尿病诊断时的年龄是否会改变糖尿病持续时间对CKD风险的影响。相关结果再次发表在Diabetologia上。

该研究纳入了香港糖尿病监测数据库(HKDSD)中的4367442型糖尿病患者和香港糖尿病登记册(HKDR)中的169792型糖尿病患者。使用Poisson模型来描述糖尿病诊断时的年龄、糖尿病持续时间和达到的年龄对HKDSDCKD发病率的联合影响。使用Cox比例危害模型来研究糖尿病诊断时的年龄和糖尿病持续时间对CKD风险的交互影响。

5.3年的中位随访期间,香港特区共记录了134043CKD在相同年龄但相隔5年被诊断为糖尿病的人群中,糖尿病诊断年龄较小的人群的CKD发病率较高,但随着糖尿病诊断年龄的增加而降低。

6.3年的中位随访期间,香港有6500人患上了CKD。糖尿病持续时间越长,发生CKD的风险越大,但随着糖尿病诊断年龄的增加而降低。其中,20-29岁诊断的糖尿病患者,5年糖尿病持续时间增加相关的CKD风险较其他人群高37%(HR=1.37,95% CI 1.13-1.65),而在≥70岁诊断的糖尿病患者中为1.01(95% CI 0.87-1.18)。

综上,糖尿病诊断时越年轻,放大了糖尿病持续时间增加对CKD风险增加的影响。

 

参考文献:

Young age at diabetes diagnosis amplifies the effect of diabetes duration on risk of chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study. Diabetologia. 2021 Jun 14. doi: 10.1007/s00125-021-05494-4.

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    2021-06-21 1453df99m58暂无昵称

    学习了

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    2021-06-20 1453df99m58暂无昵称

    糖尿病年轻化

    0

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    2021-06-19 ms4000001090331917

    学习了!年轻人不要太任性

    0

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    2021-06-19 12192b1am98暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

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    2021-06-19 丁焕发

    不错!学习了。

    0

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    2021-06-19 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

    0

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高血压和CKD互相影响,互为因果。目前中国CKD及高血压患者群庞大,高血压患者需要早期关注肾脏损害风险。

JAMA Neurol:磷酸化Tau/总Tau比率减少肾脏功能障碍干扰,与阿尔茨海默病的相关性更强

pT217/T217与CKD的相关性较小,可能更准确地反映AD相关的病理变化

Clin Nutrition:习惯性喝咖啡与肾功能改善有关

慢性肾脏病定义:各种原因引起的慢性肾脏结构和功能障碍(肾脏损害病史大于3个月),包括肾小球滤过率正常和不正常的病理损伤、血液或尿液成分异常,及影像学检查异常,或不明原因肾小球滤过率下降。

Front Pharmacol:ACEI治疗CKD的疗效不明显了?不如试试联合ARB!

与高剂量ACEI或ARB相比,ACEI联合ARB在减少尿白蛋白排泄和尿蛋白排泄方面有优势,且不会降低GFR和增加高血钾的发生率。尽管有低血压的风险,但对于需要增加ACEI或ARB剂量的CKD患者来说,

AKJD:超过55岁,还有慢性肾病的患者进行运动训练安全吗?

在年龄≥55岁的CKD 3b-4期的成年人中,为期12个月的中心有氧和抗阻力运动训练计划是安全的,并与身体功能的改善有关。