Front Med:C4d是狼疮性肾炎和IgA肾病临床结果的筛选工具和独立预测因子。

2022-03-18 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)是一种自身免疫性疾病,高达60%的SLE患者在病程中发生狼疮性肾炎(LN)。免疫复合体沉积和补体激活在LN发病机制中起重要作用。

背景:系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)是一种自身免疫性疾病,高达60%的SLE患者在病程中发生狼疮性肾炎(LN)。免疫复合体沉积和补体激活在LN发病机制中起重要作用。IgA肾病(IgAN)是世界上最常见的原发性肾小球肾炎,其诊断的组织学标志是肾活检组织中显性或共显性的IgA染色。补体通过选择性途径和凝集素途径激活可能通过上调局部炎症反应和肾小球损伤在IgAN的发病机制中发挥重要作用.

    虽然LN和IgAN都是免疫复合物介导的疾病,但其发病机制、病因和治疗策略都不同。但部分患者同时出现SLE和IgAN。免疫相关疾病之间的共同遗传可能在一定程度上解释了这一点。在这种情况下,寻找一种可靠的筛查和诊断工具来鉴别SLE患者肾脏疾病的LN和IgAN具有重要意义,它对采取何种治疗方案具有重要意义,并进一步影响疾病的近期和远期预后。补体系统功能障碍在LN和IgAN的发生发展中起重要作用。作为补体系统中最具多态性的蛋白质,C4D被认为是补体级联激活不可或缺的标志。与此同时,C4D的半衰期要长得多,由于与组织结构的共价结合,C4D似乎在组织中持续了数周,这表明它作为LN和IgAN进展的标志物具有巨大的临床应用潜力。既往研究表明,LN患者肾脏C4D沉积与LN亚型、免疫复合物沉积和肾小球微血栓形成有关。对于IgAN来说,肾组织中C4D的沉积与侵袭性组织学和不良的肾脏结局相关。然而,关于比较C4D在LN和IgAN中的作用的具体研究仍然缺乏。基于现有研究的局限性,本研究的目的是比较LN和IgAN患者肾脏C4D沉积的筛查和诊断价值,以及C4D沉积的临床和预后意义。

方法:对2015年1月至2017年12月经肾活检确诊的120例LN患者、120例IgAN患者和24例年龄匹配的健康对照组进行前瞻性分析。对这些患者进行了追踪,直到2020年12月。结果是不良疾病治疗反应(疾病复发)和肾脏疾病进展事件(估计肾小球滤过率下降超过20%或终末期肾病)。比较IgAN和LN患者肾脏C4d沉积的比例和类型。此外,还分析了LN和IgAN患者肾脏C4D沉积与疾病亚型、疾病复发和疾病进展的关系。

结果:LN、IgAN患者与正常对照组年龄匹配。LN患者随访38.5(30.3~60.8)个月,IgAN患者随访45.0(30.5~57.0)个月。78例(65.0%)LN患者有肾C4D沉积,而39例(32.5%)肾组织有C4D沉积,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。LN患者与IgAN患者具有不同的肾脏C4D分布模式。与Ig AN组比较,LN组肾小球C4d沉积明显增多(P<0.001),肾小管C4d沉积明显减少(P=0.003)。在疾病亚型中,V型膜性LN和IgAN伴肾小管间质纤维化(T1/T2)病变的肾脏C4D沉积尤其明显。肾脏C4D沉积与LN患者疾病复发独立相关(HR=1.007,P=0.040),并可作为Ig AN患者随访期疾病进展的独立预测因子(HR=1.821,P=0.040)。

表1:LN、IgAN和健康对照组患者基线时的临床和组织学特征。

表2 LN和IgAN患者肾组织中C4D的分布规律。

图1:LN和IgAN患者肾组织中C4D阴性或阳性的免疫组织化学图像。顶部面板为C4D沉积阴性(左侧面板)或阳性(中间面板和右侧面板)的LN患者的图像。下方为C4D沉着阴性(左侧)或阳性(中部和右侧)的IgAN患者的图像。×200(左侧和中部面板)。×400(右侧面板)。狼疮性肾炎;IgAN、IgA肾病。

图2|IgA肾病患者肾组织中C4D沉积与疾病进展的关系。红线和蓝线分别表示肾C4D沉积阳性或阴性的IgAN患者随时间推移的生存概率。经卡普兰-迈耶检验,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。

结论:LN和IgAN患者肾脏C4D分布比例和分布模式不同。肾组织中C4D的存在是LN患者复发和IgAN患者疾病进展的独立预测因子。

原文出处:Yang X,  Yuan Y,  Shao X,et al.C4d as a Screening Tool and an Independent Predictor of Clinical Outcomes in Lupus Nephritis and IgA Nephropathy.Front Med (Lausanne) 2022;9

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    2022-03-20 yibei
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    2022-03-20 villahu
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