JAMA:索然无味者是新冠?意大利研究显示新冠轻症患者嗅觉、味觉障碍发生率达64.4%

2020-04-25 每日医线 idiabetes

自新冠疫情爆发后,不少海内外媒体曾报道新冠患者出现嗅觉、味觉障碍的症状。但仍缺乏文献报道总结此类症状的发作特征。4月22日,《美国医学会杂志》(JAMA)在线刊载了来自意大利的研究显示,COVID-1

自新冠疫情爆发后,不少海内外媒体曾报道新冠患者出现嗅觉、味觉障碍的症状。但仍缺乏文献报道总结此类症状的发作特征。4月22日,《美国医学会杂志》(JAMA)在线刊载了来自意大利的研究显示,COVID-19轻症患者的嗅觉、味觉障碍发生率达64.4%,且女性较男性更常见。

COVID-19患者的主要症状包括发热、疲劳、干咳、肌痛和呼吸困难等。此前研究表明,鼻上皮细胞高表达血管紧张素转化酶2(ACE2);而SARS-CoV-2可通过嗅觉神经上皮侵入中枢神经系统,并在嗅球内增殖,从而引起味觉、嗅觉减退症状。已有研究报道COVID-19患者的嗅觉、味觉障碍病患率约为34%,但尚未报道此类症状以及与其他相关症状的发作时间。

本研究分析了意大利特雷维索省地区医院2020年3月19日至3月22日期间的374例COVID-19成人患者,且皆为轻症、门诊患者。患者在咽拭子核酸检测后5~6天填写急性呼吸道感染问卷(ARTIQ:无症状为0分;症状少为1分;症状很多为2分),并通过鼻腔-鼻窦结局测试-22量表(SNOT-22:无症状为0分,非常轻微为1分;轻度为2分;中度为3分;重度为4分;极重度为5分)评估患者在咽拭子检测之前2周内是否有突然的嗅觉和味觉改变。

研究共完成了202例(71.4%)患者的电话随访。人口统计数据和临床特征见表1。中位年龄为56(20-89)岁;其中52.0%为女性。共有130例患者报告有嗅觉或味觉改变(64.4%,95%CI 57.3-71.0),SNOT-22评分中位数为4(IQR 3-5),其中有23.8%的患者报告了极严重的嗅觉、味觉障碍,即SNOT-22评分为5(表2)。

表1:202例COVID-19轻症患者的流行病学和临床症状特征


在130例报告有嗅觉或味觉改变的患者中,45例(34.6%)还报告了鼻塞症状。其他常见症状包括疲劳(68.3%)、干咳或咳痰(60.4%)以及发热(55.5%)。在所有患者中,有24例(11.9%)患者的味觉、嗅觉改变发生于其他相关症状之前;54例(26.7%)发生于其他相关症状之后。6例患者(3.0%)报告嗅觉或味觉改变是唯一的症状。女性患者的嗅觉或味觉改变发生率(n=105,72.4%,95%CI 62.8-80.7%)高于男性患者(n=97,55.7%,95%CI 45.2-65.8%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.02)。

表2:202例COVID-19轻症患者嗅觉或味觉改变特征

研究者最后指出,该研究存在以下局限性:SNOT-22症状评分为患者主观评价;该研究为横断面调查,样本量较小,并受地域限制;缺乏后续病程以及重症患者数据。因此需谨慎解读其所得结果。若未来能通过更为客观的检查评估加以验证上述结果,则应考虑在COVID-19大流行期间对嗅觉、味觉改变患者进行必要的检测或隔离。

原始出处:

Giacomo Spinato, et al. Alterations in Smell or Taste in Mildly Symptomatic Outpatients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection.JAMA. April 22, 2020

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1826603, encodeId=80f11826603d0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e5283e89970' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发生率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37899, encryptionId=e5283e89970, topicName=发生率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=一叶知秋, createdTime=Thu Jul 02 02:34:10 CST 2020, time=2020-07-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1385467, encodeId=cd3c138546ea9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c31c5322844' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#意大利#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=53228, encryptionId=c31c5322844, topicName=意大利)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ae503, createdName=pps20019, createdTime=Mon Apr 27 12:34:10 CST 2020, time=2020-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1027874, encodeId=b957102e87431, content=新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=公卫新人, createdTime=Sun Apr 26 00:34:10 CST 2020, time=2020-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1036067, encodeId=387b103606ec4, content=顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=旺医, createdTime=Sun Apr 26 00:34:10 CST 2020, time=2020-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2020-04-26 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

    0

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    2020-04-26 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

    0

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