JAMA Netw Open:照顾精神疾病患者会面临抑郁风险,同情训练或能有效提高心理健康

2021-03-09 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

研究结果表明,同情心培养训练(CCT)干预对减少精神疾病患者照顾者的心理困扰是有效的。

精神疾病造成的痛苦存不仅存在于患者身上,也存在于护理者身上。大约四分之一的人会因为自己所爱的人生病而需要照料她/他。据估计,在欧洲,非正式家庭护理的经济贡献约占长期护理总成本的50%至90%,多达一半的家庭护理人员可能面临抑郁症的风险。

在丹麦,精神疾病是最大的疾病负担。38%的成年人口将自己归类为精神病患者的护理者,61%的护理者因此遭受心理困扰。据估计,丹麦心理健康不佳的直接和间接代价高达91.7亿美元。

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人们发现,同情训练可以减少心理痛苦,提高整体幸福感。同情可以理解为感情上对别人的遭遇产生共鸣,同情的训练可能对精神病患者的护理者特别有益,然而,在预防精神疾病患者的非正式护理者的心理困扰方面,缺乏有效的循证项目。两项系统的研究表明,同情心训练可以促进心理健康。然而,同情干预的时间从几分钟到8周不等,很少有干预被手册化,并不是所有的研究都是随机临床试验(RCT)。

基于此,有研究者探讨了同情心培养训练(CCT)对减少照顾者心理困扰的效果。该研究结果近日发表在JAMA Netw Open上。

这项随机临床试验在丹麦两个不同的社区环境中进行。如果看护者已有确诊和未治疗的精神疾病、或已有相关自我调节和心理治疗,则排除在研究纳入标准之外。报名时间为2018年5月至2019年3月。采用重复测量模型来检验干预的影响。初步分析基于意向治疗原则。数据分析时间为2020年6月4日至7月7日。参与者按1比1的比例随机分配到为期8周的CCT课程组或对照组。采用区块随机法,每个区块40名参与者。收集基线、干预后以及3个月和6个月的随访测量数据。通过抑郁、焦虑、压力量表(DASS)来衡量,主要结果是心里痛苦的减少。

研究结果显示,在192名接受资格评估的参与者中,161名参与者被纳入研究(平均[SD]年龄52.6[12.5]岁;142[88.2%]名女性),79名参与者被随机分配到CCT干预组,82名参与者进入等待名单对照组。在基线检查时,干预组和对照组的平均(SD)DASS得分分别为抑郁10.89(8.66)和10.80(8.38),焦虑6.89(6.48)和6.68(5.33),压力14.96(7.90)和15.77(7.40)。干预后,与对照组相比,CCT组在基线检查时的主要结果的平均变化有统计学意义的改善,调整后的平均差异:抑郁,4.16;焦虑,2.24;压力,4.20。3个月随访调整后的平均差:抑郁3.78;焦虑2.50;压力3.76。6个月随访调整后的平均差:抑郁4.24;焦虑2.12;压力:3.79。

在干预后和3- 6个月的随访中,CCT对精神疾病患者非正式护理者抑郁、压力和焦虑的主要结果的影响

这项随机临床试验发现,CCT干预降低了精神疾病患者照顾者的抑郁、焦虑和压力症状。这种影响在6个月的随访中仍然存在。与对照组相比,CCT在整体幸福感、心理弹性、自我同情和认知重评(一种情绪调节策略)方面有积极作用。感知压力和情绪抑制都减少了。在正念的5个方面中,有4个方面要么增加,如观察和描述,要么减少,如无判断和无反应。在意识层面和多维同情量表的4个维度或总分上没有观察到显著的结果。这可能是因为同情的这些维度需要更多的时间来培养训练。此外,对于如何定义和衡量对他人的同情,人们缺乏共识。

参考文献:Hansen NH, Juul L, Pallesen K, Fjorback LO. Effect of a Compassion Cultivation Training Program for Caregivers of People With Mental Illness in DenmarkA Randomized Clinical TrialJAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(3):e211020. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.1020

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1728864, encodeId=d0881e2886430, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Tue Dec 28 17:31:12 CST 2021, time=2021-12-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1799148, encodeId=1cc21e9914886, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=38e0e0670ff' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疾病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70670, encryptionId=38e0e0670ff, topicName=疾病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c859411, createdName=hmwwww, createdTime=Wed Sep 08 04:31:12 CST 2021, time=2021-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2039723, encodeId=1ed62039e23f5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d0f554991f6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抑郁风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54991, encryptionId=d0f554991f6, topicName=抑郁风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=726030, createdName=Boyinsh, createdTime=Wed Feb 09 22:31:12 CST 2022, time=2022-02-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1734333, encodeId=885d1e3433327, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Wed Aug 04 16:31:12 CST 2021, time=2021-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=947138, encodeId=da3194e13899, content=看过一个照顾自闭症孩子的妈妈的自述,她说每个星期都要去看一下心理医生,她很痛苦。<a href='/topic/show?id=4af7e653869' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#精神病#</a> , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76538, encryptionId=4af7e653869, topicName=精神病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211019/df01a4bfb64246379ddfef3370d04115/e1274c8eb5e440918f56f83bcfea9031.jpg, createdBy=3a345397082, createdName=Jessica, createdTime=Wed Mar 10 15:41:13 CST 2021, time=2021-03-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=947084, encodeId=b94894e0846e, content=照顾精神病患者面临抑郁风险, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210110/e6124a4b19bc40ce8afaae096d21126b/dd778ac260c9416eb87e7d08139507f5.jpg, createdBy=4d2f5079605, createdName=科研科研科研, createdTime=Wed Mar 10 13:05:09 CST 2021, time=2021-03-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1036500, encodeId=3e18103650026, content=顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=旺医, createdTime=Tue Mar 09 22:31:12 CST 2021, time=2021-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-08-04 canlab
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    2021-03-10 Jessica

    看过一个照顾自闭症孩子的妈妈的自述,她说每个星期都要去看一下心理医生,她很痛苦。#精神病#

    0

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    2021-03-10 科研科研科研

    照顾精神病患者面临抑郁风险

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1728864, encodeId=d0881e2886430, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Tue Dec 28 17:31:12 CST 2021, time=2021-12-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1799148, encodeId=1cc21e9914886, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=38e0e0670ff' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疾病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70670, encryptionId=38e0e0670ff, topicName=疾病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c859411, createdName=hmwwww, createdTime=Wed Sep 08 04:31:12 CST 2021, time=2021-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2039723, encodeId=1ed62039e23f5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d0f554991f6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抑郁风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54991, encryptionId=d0f554991f6, topicName=抑郁风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=726030, createdName=Boyinsh, createdTime=Wed Feb 09 22:31:12 CST 2022, time=2022-02-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1734333, encodeId=885d1e3433327, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Wed Aug 04 16:31:12 CST 2021, time=2021-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=947138, encodeId=da3194e13899, content=看过一个照顾自闭症孩子的妈妈的自述,她说每个星期都要去看一下心理医生,她很痛苦。<a href='/topic/show?id=4af7e653869' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#精神病#</a> , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76538, encryptionId=4af7e653869, topicName=精神病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211019/df01a4bfb64246379ddfef3370d04115/e1274c8eb5e440918f56f83bcfea9031.jpg, createdBy=3a345397082, createdName=Jessica, createdTime=Wed Mar 10 15:41:13 CST 2021, time=2021-03-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=947084, encodeId=b94894e0846e, content=照顾精神病患者面临抑郁风险, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210110/e6124a4b19bc40ce8afaae096d21126b/dd778ac260c9416eb87e7d08139507f5.jpg, createdBy=4d2f5079605, createdName=科研科研科研, createdTime=Wed Mar 10 13:05:09 CST 2021, time=2021-03-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1036500, encodeId=3e18103650026, content=顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=旺医, createdTime=Tue Mar 09 22:31:12 CST 2021, time=2021-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-03-09 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

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