JNNP:精神药物和止痛药在创伤性脑损伤患者中的应用——一项对24万人的瑞典总人口队列研究

2021-03-12 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

创伤性脑损伤(TBI)是由于外力干扰大脑功能而对头部造成的损伤。它的严重程度从轻微的脑震荡到严重的损伤,在这些损伤中有意识的丧失和长期的残疾。TBI是一个全球性的健康问题,估计会影响3千万到6千万人1

创伤性脑损伤(TBI)是由于外力干扰大脑功能而对头部造成的损伤。它的严重程度从轻微的脑震荡到严重的损伤,在这些损伤中有意识的丧失和长期的残疾。TBI是一个全球性的健康问题,估计会影响3千万到6千万人1,每年花费4千亿美元。
 
TBI显著增加身体疾病、死亡率和神经精神问题的风险,包括癫痫、抑郁、焦虑、认知障碍和行为改变(通常是攻击性或躁动)。精神药物通常作为TBI后治疗的一部分,因为它们针对的症状可能会对健康和日常生活产生相当大的影响,包括抑郁、焦虑,很少有精神病。 许多创伤性脑损伤患者会经历疼痛,头痛是创伤性脑损伤后最常见的症状。疼痛可能是创伤性脑损伤和/或与创伤性脑损伤同时发生的其他身体损伤的结果。因此,创伤性脑损伤患者通常会开用止痛药,但很少有关于其使用范围和持续时间的数据,尤其是对于创伤性脑损伤患者阿片类药物。可获得的有限信息主要基于美国军人和退伍军人,具有不同的年龄结构、共病疼痛状况以及社会人口统计学和背景健康风险。长期使用止痛药,特别是阿片类药物,在其他情况下是有问题的,因此,需要对脑外伤后的阿片类处方进行详细调查。以前的研究也没有包括匹配的对照组,这对于评估TBI患者的药物使用是否以及如何与普通人群不同很重要。
 
为了解决精神药物和止痛药使用的不确定性,本文调查了一组患有创伤性脑损伤的人群。将药物使用与未受影响的兄弟姐妹进行了比较。这种兄弟姐妹提供了一个比无关人群对照更有效的对照组,因为他们有相似的背景特征(例如家族史和共同的遗传和环境因素)。
 
评估了瑞典全国范围内的登记册,包括2006年至2012年期间在医院或专科门诊诊断出的所有TBI患者。从未被诊断为TBI的同胞作为对照。检查了TBI前后12个月的精神药物和止痛药处方。比较了TBI患者和未受影响的同胞在发生TBI前后12个月的用药情况。在这些分析中,纳入了一个子样本(n=1 14 314),其中至少有一个未受影响的同胞作为对照(n=1 99 658;60.3%的TBI队列在对照组中有两个或更多的同胞)。为了比较用药率,每个同胞对照组被分配给与TBI同胞对照组相同的日期,用药期分为TBI发生前12个月和发生后12个月。对于有两个或两个以上TBI同胞的同胞对照组,分配其TBI同胞的第一个TBI日期。
 
结果确定了239425例TBI患者和199658例未受影响的同胞对照。在TBI队列中,36.6%的人在TBI前12个月内至少收集了一张精神药物或止痛药的处方。术后12个月,用药率上升至45.0%,绝对用药率上升8.4%(p<0.001)。TBI后阿片类药物(从16.3%增加到21.6%,p<0.001)和非阿片类疼痛药物(从20.3%增加到26.6%,p<0.001)的增加幅度最大。大多数处方是短期的;20.6%的阿片类处方和37.3%的苯二氮卓类处方收集时间超过6个月。与兄弟姐妹对照组相比,任何精神药物或疼痛药物治疗的几率增加与个体在TBI前(or:1.62,95%CI:1.59至1.65)和TBI后(or:2.30,95%CI:2.26至2.34)相关,并且所有药物类别的ORs持续增加。
 
研究结果显示,在一个以人群为基础的队列中,在创伤性脑损伤发生前后,精神药物和止痛药的使用率都有所提高。超过20%的患者在TBI后服用阿片类药物,与持续TBI前的12个月相比,绝对比率增加了约5%。尽管大多数人是短期服用阿片类药物,但五分之一的人使用阿片类药物的时间超过6个月。同样,超过三分之一的处方苯二氮卓类药物使用时间超过6个月。为防止长期使用阿片类药物或苯二氮卓类药物引起的并发症,应常规考虑对这些药物进行术后复查,包括轻度TBIs患者,并应鼓励采取其他治疗策略。
 
Molero YSharp DJD'Onofrio BM, et al Psychotropic and pain medication use in individuals with traumatic brain injury—a Swedish total population cohort study of 240 000 persons
 
 

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    2022-01-27 amyloid
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    2021-08-03 咪咪5787

    0

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BMJ:智障患者更易滥用精神药物

BMJ的一项新进研究表明,英国智障人士使用的精神药物远远超过治疗剂量。这表明,在某些情况下,智障人士存在精神药物滥用的情况,而不是用于治疗精神疾病。研究人员呼吁,有智力障碍的人应该合理精神药物剂量。研究人员发现,智障患者相比智力正常的民众而言,神经系统恶化的速度更快且患者更易出现暴力行为。精神药物滥用的情况已经存在多年,尤其是抗精神病药物(主要用于治疗精神分裂症和双相情感障碍)使用尤为广泛,但是患

J Neurol Neurosur Ps:脑外伤患者精神药物和止痛药使用情况分析

颅脑损伤后使用精神药物和止痛药物的比例较高,建议定期进行医学随访并总结这些药物使用情况。

Canadian J Cardiol:避免精神药物心血管不良反应的实用方法

“精神药物”是医学中应用最广泛的药物之一,这些药物可能会影响心血管系统,需要采取适当的预防措施才能安全使用。我们回顾了精神药物对心血管系统的潜在不良后果,并提出一些实用的临床方法以避免这些副作用。

JCEM:诊断前和长期随访期间库欣综合征患者精神药物使用情况

诊断前已观察到CD患者精神药物使用量增加,无论缓解状态如何,表明其对患者精神健康的不良影响持续存在

Nature:ISIS滥用的精神药物芬乙茶碱,现可使用"疫苗解剖法"中和

本周《自然》发表的一项小鼠研究Vaccine-driven pharmacodynamic dissection and mitigation of fenethylline psychoactivity显示,疫苗可以缓解人造精神兴奋剂芬乙茶碱的上瘾效果,并能鉴定其具有活性的化学成分。过去,人们就一直在努力鉴定导致芬乙茶碱快速展现其显着精神活性特征的具体成分,但是它独特的化学复杂性致使这些努力收效

PLOS ONE:哺乳期妇女使用精神药物的安全性评估

目前关于母乳喂养期间慢性使用精神药物的知识是有限的。最近,来自以色列的研究人员进行了一项研究,目的是评估哺乳期间使用精神药物对婴儿的长期影响。