外泌体介导的速效救心丸在缺血损伤心肌中的保护作用

2018-06-16 阮小芬 王肖龙 李益萍(上海中医药大学附属曙光医院心血管科 上海中医药大学附属曙光医院心血管病研究所) 唐耀亮(美国乔治亚医学院血管生物中心) 中华医学信息导报

目前对于AMI的治疗(药物、溶栓及介入等)旨在保留剩余的心肌细胞并降低与AMI病理学后果相关的发病率和病死率,即使早期进行血运重建也只可能挽救约50%的梗死面积。因此,IHD再生疗法是新近的研究热点之一。

据世界卫生组织统计,缺血性心脏病(IHD)是世界人口死亡的头号原因,2015年因该病死亡人数达876万人。急性心肌梗死(AMI)是IHD的主要临床类型,其病理特征是心肌缺血性坏死。内源性修复机制的丢失使心肌组织不能再生,而是被纤维化的瘢痕组织代替,梗死区与非梗死区电性分离,引起收缩功能丧失、心室病理性重构,最终导致心力衰竭。目前对于AMI的治疗(药物、溶栓及介入等)旨在保留剩余的心肌细胞并降低与AMI病理学后果相关的发病率和病死率,即使早期进行血运重建也只可能挽救约50%的梗死面积。因此,IHD再生疗法是新近的研究热点之一。

传统观点认为成年哺乳动物心肌细胞不具有细胞分裂的能力。然而,最近的研究表明,1日龄新生小鼠可以通过预先存在的心肌细胞的去分化和增殖来再生心脏。哺乳动物的心肌细胞在稳态下以较低的速率(每年约1%)更新,该速率在损伤期间大约会增加4倍。这些证据意味着当内源性心肌细胞被激发增殖时具有再生潜能。最令人兴奋的是,研究者利用加速器质谱法测量碳14(14C)的含量发现了成人心肌细胞的有限更新。因此,心肌细胞增殖对于心脏再生的潜力变得更加有吸引力,直接激活内源性心肌细胞的增殖正在成为心脏再生医学中最有前途的策略之一。

速效救心丸在临床上的应用已经有20多年的历史,其主要由川芎、冰片等药物组成。川芎辛温,归肝胆心包经,《神农本草经》记载川芎能“主中风入脑头痛、寒痹,筋脉缓急”为临床治疗心脉瘀阻之胸痹心痛的要药。冰片辛苦微寒,归心脾肺经,《医林纂要》记载冰片“性走而不守”,具有开窍醒神,通窍止痛的功效。速效救心丸具有预防、治疗、急救三重功效,可行气活血,祛瘀止痛。现代药理证明其具有增加冠脉血流量,缓解心绞痛的作用。研究发现,速效救心丸预处理可以促进心脏间充质干细胞来源的外泌体的分泌,并可以促进心肌细胞的增殖。

心脏间充质干细胞(C-MSCs)具有分化、增殖及自我更新的能力和多向分化的潜能。C-MSCs能被招募至受损的心脏组织,诱导器官再生,其通过旁分泌作用向受损的组织周围释放细胞因子、生长因子和微泡刺激原始组织细胞进行修复及组织功能特性恢复。作为可分泌外泌体细胞类型的一种,CMSCs来源的外泌体(CMSC-exo)具有潜在的心脏组织修复作用。研究人员从2至3月龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠的心脏中分离心脏间充质干细胞,并将速效救心丸及其两个主要成分川芎嗪和冰片预处理小鼠的C-MSCs,结果发现:与对照乙醇治疗相比,速效救心丸和川芎嗪治疗明显增加了外分体的分泌量。因此速效救心丸具有通过增强外泌体分泌来促进内源性心脏保护的治疗潜力。研究还发现速效救心丸通过上调GTP酶(包括Rab27a和Rab27b)促进外泌体从C-MSC分泌,证实了速效救心丸调节心脏平衡的一种新的机制。

进一步研究发现,速效救心丸可以通过调节C-MSCs的外泌体,使受体HL-1心肌细胞的表观遗传染色质重塑,从而可增加HL-1心肌细胞增殖。蛋白甲基化是一种重要的表观遗传修饰,参与基因的表达调控。H3第27位赖氨酸上三甲基化(H3K27me3)的组蛋白重塑对控制干细胞和心肌细胞的命运至关重要,包括细胞的存活和增殖。为探讨速效救心丸预处理C-MSCs后释放的外泌体(SJP-exo)介导的H3K27me3上调的机制,我们评估了体外处理HL-1细胞中关键组蛋白甲基酶(EZH1, EZH2和EED)和去甲基酶(JMJD3和UTX)的mRNA表达水平,SJP-Exo在受体HL-1细胞中选择性地抑制UTX表达。并通过检测PCNA的水平评价细胞增殖的水平,发现SJP-exos可用于促进心肌细胞增殖。

综上,全球每年约有1700万人死于急性心肌梗死或其导致的进行性慢性心衰,其主要原因在于成体心肌细胞的增值能力很低,自我修复能力极弱。激活内源性心肌细胞的增殖是国际心血管病研究的热点课题。速效救心丸预处理可促进CMSCs来源的外泌体的释放并促进心肌细胞的增殖,因此,通过中药诱导干细胞释放的外泌体干预缺血心肌可能为心脏再生疗法提供新的途径。




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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1397562, encodeId=3d4d139e56267, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8bee565436d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#损伤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56543, encryptionId=8bee565436d, topicName=损伤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eoNX3lUOlDKGBUEPNwZx0nibmdcFyeibnX4WMhUSCU2REpGRWtSmnT2CCs0dA5waxvJknYDxwtYnIcQ/132, createdBy=294e2500218, createdName=ms3046638856685384, createdTime=Mon Jun 18 00:12:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1592194, encodeId=c397159219458, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d21f94946ce' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#速效救心丸#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=94946, encryptionId=d21f94946ce, topicName=速效救心丸)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ce0e18095413, createdName=jj000007, createdTime=Mon Jun 18 00:12:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1599088, encodeId=8a8c1599088f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f14d2e187ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#保护作用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=27187, encryptionId=f14d2e187ac, topicName=保护作用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2ee918684940, createdName=photoman, createdTime=Mon Jun 18 00:12:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=324998, encodeId=f44832499872, content=有原文吗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=41621628438, createdName=1dd82f16m06(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Jun 17 19:35:42 CST 2018, time=2018-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=324732, encodeId=7735324e32d3, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/06/13/9f4eb4aa4d290e2ee0796154927316ad.jpg, createdBy=c21750926, createdName=Ronaltao, createdTime=Sat Jun 16 21:21:02 CST 2018, time=2018-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=324617, encodeId=fb6e32461e27, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Sat Jun 16 10:16:55 CST 2018, time=2018-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=324608, encodeId=8ea0324608f9, content=学习谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4Nd44v3xHnnictn9UpctwtH62EPQ59TMdI9lnqHMgQ16nH7GmGCfpzicsHgjibYVk6vwSpXrC86gMibRkoaIzf5HwSz7/0, createdBy=78cc1691107, createdName=龙胆草, createdTime=Sat Jun 16 09:55:39 CST 2018, time=2018-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-17 1dd82f16m06(暂无匿称)

    有原文吗

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1397562, encodeId=3d4d139e56267, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8bee565436d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#损伤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56543, encryptionId=8bee565436d, topicName=损伤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eoNX3lUOlDKGBUEPNwZx0nibmdcFyeibnX4WMhUSCU2REpGRWtSmnT2CCs0dA5waxvJknYDxwtYnIcQ/132, createdBy=294e2500218, createdName=ms3046638856685384, createdTime=Mon Jun 18 00:12:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1592194, encodeId=c397159219458, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d21f94946ce' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#速效救心丸#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=94946, encryptionId=d21f94946ce, topicName=速效救心丸)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ce0e18095413, createdName=jj000007, createdTime=Mon Jun 18 00:12:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1599088, encodeId=8a8c1599088f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f14d2e187ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#保护作用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=27187, encryptionId=f14d2e187ac, topicName=保护作用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2ee918684940, createdName=photoman, createdTime=Mon Jun 18 00:12:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=324998, encodeId=f44832499872, content=有原文吗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=41621628438, createdName=1dd82f16m06(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Jun 17 19:35:42 CST 2018, time=2018-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=324732, encodeId=7735324e32d3, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/06/13/9f4eb4aa4d290e2ee0796154927316ad.jpg, createdBy=c21750926, createdName=Ronaltao, createdTime=Sat Jun 16 21:21:02 CST 2018, time=2018-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=324617, encodeId=fb6e32461e27, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Sat Jun 16 10:16:55 CST 2018, time=2018-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=324608, encodeId=8ea0324608f9, content=学习谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4Nd44v3xHnnictn9UpctwtH62EPQ59TMdI9lnqHMgQ16nH7GmGCfpzicsHgjibYVk6vwSpXrC86gMibRkoaIzf5HwSz7/0, createdBy=78cc1691107, createdName=龙胆草, createdTime=Sat Jun 16 09:55:39 CST 2018, time=2018-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-16 Ronaltao

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1397562, encodeId=3d4d139e56267, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8bee565436d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#损伤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56543, encryptionId=8bee565436d, topicName=损伤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83eoNX3lUOlDKGBUEPNwZx0nibmdcFyeibnX4WMhUSCU2REpGRWtSmnT2CCs0dA5waxvJknYDxwtYnIcQ/132, createdBy=294e2500218, createdName=ms3046638856685384, createdTime=Mon Jun 18 00:12:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1592194, encodeId=c397159219458, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d21f94946ce' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#速效救心丸#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=94946, encryptionId=d21f94946ce, topicName=速效救心丸)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ce0e18095413, createdName=jj000007, createdTime=Mon Jun 18 00:12:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1599088, encodeId=8a8c1599088f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f14d2e187ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#保护作用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=27187, encryptionId=f14d2e187ac, topicName=保护作用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2ee918684940, createdName=photoman, createdTime=Mon Jun 18 00:12:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=324998, encodeId=f44832499872, content=有原文吗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=41621628438, createdName=1dd82f16m06(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Jun 17 19:35:42 CST 2018, time=2018-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=324732, encodeId=7735324e32d3, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/06/13/9f4eb4aa4d290e2ee0796154927316ad.jpg, createdBy=c21750926, createdName=Ronaltao, createdTime=Sat Jun 16 21:21:02 CST 2018, time=2018-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=324617, encodeId=fb6e32461e27, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/07/a9772c74ffd6edc03a7f9af07b4747f6.jpg, createdBy=b3722138742, createdName=sunfeifeiyang, createdTime=Sat Jun 16 10:16:55 CST 2018, time=2018-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=324608, encodeId=8ea0324608f9, content=学习谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4Nd44v3xHnnictn9UpctwtH62EPQ59TMdI9lnqHMgQ16nH7GmGCfpzicsHgjibYVk6vwSpXrC86gMibRkoaIzf5HwSz7/0, createdBy=78cc1691107, createdName=龙胆草, createdTime=Sat Jun 16 09:55:39 CST 2018, time=2018-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-16 sunfeifeiyang

    0

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    2018-06-16 龙胆草

    学习谢谢分享

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