Nat Med:攻克靶向治疗耐药性,不给癌细胞复活的机会!

2018-11-29 vitam 转化医学网

肺癌是发病率和死亡率增长最快、对人群健康和生命威胁最大的恶性肿瘤之一。近50年来许多国家都报道肺癌的发病率和死亡率均明显增高,男性肺癌发病率和死亡率均占所有恶性肿瘤的第一位,女性发病率占第二位,死亡率占第二位。而肺癌对靶向治疗产生耐药性是导致其死亡率居高不下的重要原因。

肺癌是发病率和死亡率增长最快、对人群健康和生命威胁最大的恶性肿瘤之一。近50年来许多国家都报道肺癌的发病率和死亡率均明显增高,男性肺癌发病率和死亡率均占所有恶性肿瘤的第一位,女性发病率占第二位,死亡率占第二位。而肺癌对靶向治疗产生耐药性是导致其死亡率居高不下的重要原因。

为何会耐药?如何降低耐药性?一直以来都是科学家的研究热点。针对“一些肺癌患者在初期对靶向治疗作出反应后会产生耐药性”这个问题,近期,美国科学家做了深入研究,在这方面有了重大突破。 在研究过程中,他们设计了一种新的“双管齐下”的方法,可以为具有耐药性的癌症提供治疗,并为精准医学的未来带来巨大的希望。 近日发表于《Nature》杂志的一项研究中详细介绍了这些研究结果。

首先我们来了解一下EGFR(epidermal growth factor receptor,简称为EGFR)。EGFR是表皮生长因子受体(HER)家族成员之一,对细胞的生长、增殖和分化等生理过程发挥重要的作用。



通常情况下,EGFR如同复杂分子电路中的“开/关”开关一样,告诉细胞何时适合生长和分裂(开),何时静息(关)。尽管在正常人体中,该“电路”通常知道何时关闭,但肺癌中发现的EGFR的突变形式仍处于“开”状态,这导致异常的细胞增殖并将正常细胞转化为癌细胞。

首个EGFR抑制剂诞生时,在肺癌治疗中掀起一阵热潮,并诠释了“精准医疗”这个概念。然而在随后的研究中,科学家发现,连续三代日益强效的专门针对突变蛋白精确疗法,结果却同样不尽如人意:在一定时间的症状缓解之后,肿瘤细胞犹如扑灭大火过后残余的“星星之火”,所谓“星星之火,可以燎原”,癌细胞也是这样,并且当肿瘤复发时,它不仅具有耐药性,更可怕的是比以往更具侵略性。

人们逐渐意识到:癌症,似乎比科学家更聪明。

加州大学旧金山分校生物工程和治疗科学副教授,新研究的高级作者Sourav Bandyopadhyay博士说:因为肿瘤是“狡猾”的,所以精准医疗的理想状态与其实际临床疗效是有差距的。即使在最初屈服于靶向治疗的冲击之后,他们也能够重新连接他们的内部“电路”并设计新策略以保障他们自己的生存,即产生“耐药机制”。

为了确定耐药性的原因,研究人员采取了多种具有突变EGFR的癌细胞系,并在培养皿中用奥希替尼处理它们。 奥希替尼是针对突变蛋白的第三代药物,已获FDA批准用于治疗EGFR突变的非小细胞肺癌。尽管在服用药物后癌细胞似乎已经“死亡”,但它们仅在六周后再次“星星之火,可以燎原”。



Aurora kinase A 成为癌症的“阿喀琉斯之踵”

在肿瘤细胞停止对EGFR药物的反应后,研究人员测试了另外94种药物,看看是否有任何药物可以逆转获得性耐药。他们发现,当与奥西莫替尼或罗西替尼联合使用时,有一种药物会避免癌细胞出现死灰复燃现象,而该药物的作用部位是名为“Aurora kinase A (极光激酶A)”的蛋白质。随着时间推移,肿瘤细胞对药物从“敏感”变为“耐药”时,虽然EGFR一直处于抑制状态,但Aurora kinase A却在不断增加。

“Aurora kinase A之前从未与癌症中的耐药性相关联。它是一种全新途径”Bandyopadhyay说。



当研究人员将肺癌患者的耐药肿瘤移植到活鼠中时,观察到类似的结果。虽然当单独用EGFR药物治疗小鼠时肿瘤继续生长,但双管齐下的方法会导致肿瘤缩小,且对小鼠没有观察到毒性。

研究人员发现Aurora kinase A本身并不能促进肿瘤生长。这就是为什么仅针对Aurora kinase A的治疗方案未能阻止癌症的进展。

Aurora kinase A提供的是一种帮助恶性肿瘤逃避死亡的方法。

奥西莫替尼或罗西替尼通过关闭突变EGFR起作用。这不仅会减缓癌症的生长速度,还会触发其“自杀电路”,导致肿瘤消失并死亡。也就是说,肿瘤的死灰复燃,是肿瘤细胞通过某种途径重新自我激活Aurora kinase A 。

Aurora kinase A是恶性肿瘤细胞的救命稻草。研究人员通过将Aurora kinase A和突变型EGFR联系起来,采用双管齐下的治疗策略,不但杀死肿瘤细胞,还同时烧掉了让肿瘤死灰复燃的救命稻草。

临床重大发现

研究人员不仅发现了一种针对耐药肿瘤的新方法,他们还发现了一种生物标志物,可以告知临床医生他们正在治疗的肺癌患者是否容易受到针对EGFR和Aurora kinase A的联合治疗的影响。

研究人员在多名患者的晚期耐药性肺癌活检组织中发现了一种名为TPX2的蛋白质水平升高。他们认为,已知可激活Aurora kinase A 的TPX2蛋白,可帮助临床医生确定患者的肿瘤是否适合上面提到的“双管齐下”的靶向治疗,从而改善患者预后。



研究者说,下一步是努力实现双管齐下的方法,并将TPX2生物标志物批准用于临床试验。

“目前的现状是越来越多的肺癌患者在使用第三代EGFR抑制剂,但效果不尽如人意。而我们的最新研究发现了一种新的耐药机制,并且该机制在大多数患者中是存在的。还可以使用现有的Aurora kinase A 抑制剂进行定位。我们相信这类分子与其他靶向治疗相结合时具有令人期待的治疗效果。我们希望我们的结果能够催化新试验的开始,以便EGFR突变的肺癌患者可以从我们的综合方法中获益,改善预后,提高他们的生存率。”

原始出处:Khyati N. Shah, Roma Bhatt, Julia Rotow, et al. Aurora kinase A drives the evolution of resistance to third-generation EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer. Nat Med. 26 November 2018

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    2019-07-03 liye789132251
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    2018-12-07 kafei

    学习学习谢谢

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    2018-11-30 yxch36
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883447, encodeId=53b7188344e6b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Wed Jul 03 05:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354722, encodeId=aea6354e22b7, content=学习学习谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Fri Dec 07 07:59:31 CST 2018, time=2018-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252554, encodeId=7d50125255449, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3efee1519b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71519, encryptionId=3efee1519b2, topicName=癌细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cea26, createdName=yxch36, createdTime=Fri Nov 30 16:21:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1609343, encodeId=f75d16093431c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=hb2008ye, createdTime=Fri Nov 30 16:21:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353953, encodeId=8fff3539531c, content=越来越有希望了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d9f2380920, createdName=123124fem06暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Nov 29 10:46:12 CST 2018, time=2018-11-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353933, encodeId=398a35393328, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6d551998554, createdName=1e1c07bdm01(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Nov 29 06:28:21 CST 2018, time=2018-11-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353930, encodeId=84b23539303c, content=好好好好好好好好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Thu Nov 29 06:15:56 CST 2018, time=2018-11-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-30 hb2008ye
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883447, encodeId=53b7188344e6b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Wed Jul 03 05:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354722, encodeId=aea6354e22b7, content=学习学习谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Fri Dec 07 07:59:31 CST 2018, time=2018-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252554, encodeId=7d50125255449, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3efee1519b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71519, encryptionId=3efee1519b2, topicName=癌细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cea26, createdName=yxch36, createdTime=Fri Nov 30 16:21:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1609343, encodeId=f75d16093431c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=hb2008ye, createdTime=Fri Nov 30 16:21:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353953, encodeId=8fff3539531c, content=越来越有希望了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d9f2380920, createdName=123124fem06暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Nov 29 10:46:12 CST 2018, time=2018-11-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353933, encodeId=398a35393328, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6d551998554, createdName=1e1c07bdm01(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Nov 29 06:28:21 CST 2018, time=2018-11-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353930, encodeId=84b23539303c, content=好好好好好好好好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Thu Nov 29 06:15:56 CST 2018, time=2018-11-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-29 123124fem06暂无昵称

    越来越有希望了!

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883447, encodeId=53b7188344e6b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Wed Jul 03 05:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354722, encodeId=aea6354e22b7, content=学习学习谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Fri Dec 07 07:59:31 CST 2018, time=2018-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252554, encodeId=7d50125255449, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3efee1519b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71519, encryptionId=3efee1519b2, topicName=癌细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cea26, createdName=yxch36, createdTime=Fri Nov 30 16:21:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1609343, encodeId=f75d16093431c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=hb2008ye, createdTime=Fri Nov 30 16:21:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353953, encodeId=8fff3539531c, content=越来越有希望了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d9f2380920, createdName=123124fem06暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Nov 29 10:46:12 CST 2018, time=2018-11-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353933, encodeId=398a35393328, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6d551998554, createdName=1e1c07bdm01(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Nov 29 06:28:21 CST 2018, time=2018-11-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353930, encodeId=84b23539303c, content=好好好好好好好好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Thu Nov 29 06:15:56 CST 2018, time=2018-11-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883447, encodeId=53b7188344e6b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Wed Jul 03 05:21:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354722, encodeId=aea6354e22b7, content=学习学习谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Fri Dec 07 07:59:31 CST 2018, time=2018-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252554, encodeId=7d50125255449, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3efee1519b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71519, encryptionId=3efee1519b2, topicName=癌细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cea26, createdName=yxch36, createdTime=Fri Nov 30 16:21:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1609343, encodeId=f75d16093431c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=hb2008ye, createdTime=Fri Nov 30 16:21:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353953, encodeId=8fff3539531c, content=越来越有希望了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d9f2380920, createdName=123124fem06暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Nov 29 10:46:12 CST 2018, time=2018-11-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353933, encodeId=398a35393328, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6d551998554, createdName=1e1c07bdm01(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Nov 29 06:28:21 CST 2018, time=2018-11-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353930, encodeId=84b23539303c, content=好好好好好好好好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Thu Nov 29 06:15:56 CST 2018, time=2018-11-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-29 yjs木玉

    好好好好好好好好

    0

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