JACC:新型NIRS-IVUS能准确分辨心肌梗死冠脉斑块破裂、侵蚀和钙化风险

2021-07-31 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

冠状动脉相关事件仍然是世界上主要的死亡原因。

尽管有越来越的初级和二级预防治疗手段,冠状动脉相关事件仍然是世界上主要的死亡原因。 急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)最常见的是致病因素是在全身炎症的背景下,大的,富含脂质的动脉粥样硬化斑块的破坏和血栓形成。

PROSPECT研究中,血管内超声(IVUS)显示斑块负担大(≥70%),管腔面积小(≤4.0mm)或二者兼有的血管造影轻度病变患者未来的冠状动脉事件风险较高。近红外光谱学(NIRS)和血管内超声是识别可能引起冠状动脉相关事件的非阻塞性斑块的有效手段。

今年3月份,来自丹麦、挪威和瑞典的研究人员考察了红外光谱和血管内超声(NIRS-IVUS)联合使用对高危斑块和未来重大不良心脏事件风险患者(MACS)的识别效果。结果显示NIRS-IVUS联合可以对患者未来不良心脏结局的风险做出更为准确的预测。

病理学研究发现,大多数急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)是由冠状动脉血栓引起的斑块破裂和表浅斑块侵蚀所致。人们已经将许多注意力集中在斑块破裂上,但是在当今广泛使用的降脂疗法时代中,斑块糜烂可能占了ACS越来越多的比例。

近日,来自日本和美国的心血管专家试图进一步研究NIRS-IVUS相结合以区分急性心肌梗死(AMI)的斑块破裂(PR)、斑块侵蚀(PE)或钙化结节(CN)的能力,结果发表在最新的JACC杂志上。

本研究招募了244名AMI患者,他们在原生冠状动脉上有新的病变。通过NIRS-IVUS和光学相干断层扫描(OCT)评估病变。通过NIRS测量4mm内的最大脂质核心负担指数(maxLCBI4mm)。斑块空洞和凸起的钙质是通过IVUS检测的。OCT对PR(n = 175)、PE(n = 44)和CN(n = 25)的诊断被作为参考标准。

NIRS评估PR、PE和CN的maxLCBI指数结果

在发展队列中,IVUS检测到的斑块空洞对识别OCT-PR显示出高特异性(100%)和中等敏感性(62%)。IVUS检测到的钙化对识别OCT-CN显示出高灵敏度(93%)和特异性(100%)。

其中,NIRS测量的maxLCBI4mm在OCT-PR中最大(705;IQR):545-854),其次是OCT-CN(355;IQR:303-478)和OCT-PE(300;IQR:126-357)。maxLCBI4mm的最佳截止值是426,用于区分OCT-PR和-PE;328用于区分OCT-PE和-CN;以及579用于区分OCT-PR和-CN。

本研究设计及结果

在验证队列中,使用斑块空洞、钙化和maxLCBI4mm的NIRS-IVUS分类算法对识别OCT-PR的敏感性和特异性分别为97%和96%,OCT-PE为93%和99%,而OCT-CN为100%和99%。

综上,新型NIRS-IVUS能准确分辨心肌梗死冠脉斑块破裂、侵蚀和钙化风险。

 

参考文献:

NIRS-IVUS for Differentiating Coronary Plaque Rupture, Erosion, and Calcified Nodule in Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol Img. 2021 Jul, 14 (7) 1440–1450

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    2022-01-10 hbwxf
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    2021-08-03 Doctoryangbai

    这个确实很厉害

    0

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    2021-07-31 周其志

    学习学习

    0

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