Science:史上首次!揭示为何父本线粒体在受精后不会遗传给后代

2016-06-25 佚名 生物谷

半个世纪以来,人们就已了解到一些数量的DNA存在细胞核外的线粒体中。线粒体在细胞过程中发挥着至关重要的作用,提供让细胞正常运转的呼吸功能和代谢功能。人们还发现在几乎所有动物的繁殖期间,只有母本线粒体DNA传递给后代,而父本线粒体DNA在它发挥影响之前就在受精卵中被选择性地摧毁了。这个过程背后的精确机制一直是不清楚的。谈及线粒体遗传时,为何母体基因是以牺牲父本基因的代价来发挥统治力呢?在一项新的研

半个世纪以来,人们就已了解到一些数量的DNA存在细胞核外的线粒体中。线粒体在细胞过程中发挥着至关重要的作用,提供让细胞正常运转的呼吸功能和代谢功能。

人们还发现在几乎所有动物的繁殖期间,只有母本线粒体DNA传递给后代,而父本线粒体DNA在它发挥影响之前就在受精卵中被选择性地摧毁了。这个过程背后的精确机制一直是不清楚的。谈及线粒体遗传时,为何母体基因是以牺牲父本基因的代价来发挥统治力呢?

在一项新的研究中,来自中国、美国和日本的研究人员针对这个长期存在生物学秘密,描述了他们在卵子被受精后立即对父本线粒体DNA进行密切监控,研究了它为何随后被摧毁。他们发现精子线粒体DNA在进入胚胎中后,在自噬体(autophagosome)开始接触和切割它之前,就已开始自我摧毁。相关研究结果于2016年6月23日在线发表在Science期刊上,论文标题为“Mitochondrial endonuclease G mediates breakdown of paternal mitochondria upon fertilization”。论文通信作者为来自中国香港中文大学的Byung-Ho Kang和来自美国科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的Ding Xue。

在这项新的研究中,研究人员利用电子显微镜观察一种经常用于基因组学研究的多细胞蠕虫:秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)。他们发现线虫雄性精子在让雌性卵子受精后不久就开启它自身的线粒体DNA“自杀”,而且是在细胞质中的自噬体降解这种DNA之前开启的,其中细胞质中的自噬体似乎作为一种额外的控制手段,确保雄性精子线粒体DNA不会变成受精后的胚胎基因组的一部分。

通过更加深入的研究,他们发现雄性精子线粒体(即父本线粒体)表达一种被称作CPS-6的核酸内切酶G,这种核酸内切酶G摧毁它自身的线粒体DNA。他们也发现这种酶也降解保护这些父本线粒体的内膜,因而破坏它们的内膜完整性,并导致父本线粒体DNA自我降解。

Xue说,“最为令人吃惊之处在于父本线粒体在这一胚胎发育过程非常早的阶段通过将这种核酸内切酶释放到线粒体基质中降解线粒体基因组而主动地启动它们自身的死亡。”

这些发现是研究人员首次观察到和鉴定出核酸内切酶G和它的编码基因负责清除线虫中的父本线粒体。研究人员指出人类线粒体也有一种类似的核酸内切酶G,这提示着同样的自我摧毁过程可能也在人体内发挥作用。

作为这项研究的一部分,研究人员改变一些线虫父本线粒体的基因组,从而阻止它表达CPS-6。他们发现父本线粒体DNA在受精后的胚胎发育过程中持续存在更长时间,这随后导致胚胎死亡。 Xue说,“这些结果提示着父本线粒体持续存在在进化上是不利的。

不过,人们仍不清楚为何阻止父本线粒体DNA进入胚胎基因组中是如此重要。研究人员猜测这可能是因为父本线粒体DNA是经历千辛万苦到达卵子中,已发生部分降解,因此,如果它包含在受精后的胚胎基因组中的话,就有可能会导致出生缺陷。”

原始出处:


Zhou Q, Li H, Li H, Nakagawa A, Lin JL, Lee ES, Harry BL, Skeen-Gaar RR, Suehiro Y, William D, Mitani S, Yuan HS, Kang BH, Xue D.Mitochondrial endonuclease G mediates breakdown of paternal mitochondria uponfertilization.

Science. 2016 Jun 23. pii: aaf4777. [Epub ahead of print]


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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375273, encodeId=ce4813e527311, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Mon Jun 27 10:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1539904, encodeId=a4291539904d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=98013806437' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#受精#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38064, encryptionId=98013806437, topicName=受精)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=072113156483, createdName=旅苦化文_212, createdTime=Mon Jun 27 10:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91272, encodeId=5d11912e245, content=的确这样, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Mon Jun 27 07:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91273, encodeId=2025912e369, content=感觉很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Mon Jun 27 07:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91171, encodeId=ae71911e1a7, content=好文章,值得收藏!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=173, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaEIsrUxHnicsiaqwzJibCks60HOicbEAgbNzUiciboMJDzsWg16OHTeNHhyYvTg6TDXTlOx7icnhttCYYe2ujYt0yND7dYusOsibl9XnQCE/0, createdBy=7ad21722200, createdName=jaysppr, createdTime=Sun Jun 26 14:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-27 jichang
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375273, encodeId=ce4813e527311, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Mon Jun 27 10:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1539904, encodeId=a4291539904d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=98013806437' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#受精#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38064, encryptionId=98013806437, topicName=受精)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=072113156483, createdName=旅苦化文_212, createdTime=Mon Jun 27 10:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91272, encodeId=5d11912e245, content=的确这样, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Mon Jun 27 07:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91273, encodeId=2025912e369, content=感觉很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Mon Jun 27 07:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91171, encodeId=ae71911e1a7, content=好文章,值得收藏!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=173, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaEIsrUxHnicsiaqwzJibCks60HOicbEAgbNzUiciboMJDzsWg16OHTeNHhyYvTg6TDXTlOx7icnhttCYYe2ujYt0yND7dYusOsibl9XnQCE/0, createdBy=7ad21722200, createdName=jaysppr, createdTime=Sun Jun 26 14:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375273, encodeId=ce4813e527311, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Mon Jun 27 10:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1539904, encodeId=a4291539904d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=98013806437' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#受精#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38064, encryptionId=98013806437, topicName=受精)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=072113156483, createdName=旅苦化文_212, createdTime=Mon Jun 27 10:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91272, encodeId=5d11912e245, content=的确这样, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Mon Jun 27 07:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91273, encodeId=2025912e369, content=感觉很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Mon Jun 27 07:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91171, encodeId=ae71911e1a7, content=好文章,值得收藏!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=173, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaEIsrUxHnicsiaqwzJibCks60HOicbEAgbNzUiciboMJDzsWg16OHTeNHhyYvTg6TDXTlOx7icnhttCYYe2ujYt0yND7dYusOsibl9XnQCE/0, createdBy=7ad21722200, createdName=jaysppr, createdTime=Sun Jun 26 14:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-27 milkshark

    的确这样

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375273, encodeId=ce4813e527311, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Mon Jun 27 10:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1539904, encodeId=a4291539904d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=98013806437' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#受精#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38064, encryptionId=98013806437, topicName=受精)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=072113156483, createdName=旅苦化文_212, createdTime=Mon Jun 27 10:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91272, encodeId=5d11912e245, content=的确这样, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Mon Jun 27 07:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91273, encodeId=2025912e369, content=感觉很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Mon Jun 27 07:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91171, encodeId=ae71911e1a7, content=好文章,值得收藏!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=173, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaEIsrUxHnicsiaqwzJibCks60HOicbEAgbNzUiciboMJDzsWg16OHTeNHhyYvTg6TDXTlOx7icnhttCYYe2ujYt0yND7dYusOsibl9XnQCE/0, createdBy=7ad21722200, createdName=jaysppr, createdTime=Sun Jun 26 14:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-27 milkshark

    感觉很好

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375273, encodeId=ce4813e527311, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Mon Jun 27 10:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1539904, encodeId=a4291539904d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=98013806437' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#受精#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38064, encryptionId=98013806437, topicName=受精)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=072113156483, createdName=旅苦化文_212, createdTime=Mon Jun 27 10:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91272, encodeId=5d11912e245, content=的确这样, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Mon Jun 27 07:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91273, encodeId=2025912e369, content=感觉很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Mon Jun 27 07:57:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91171, encodeId=ae71911e1a7, content=好文章,值得收藏!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=173, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaEIsrUxHnicsiaqwzJibCks60HOicbEAgbNzUiciboMJDzsWg16OHTeNHhyYvTg6TDXTlOx7icnhttCYYe2ujYt0yND7dYusOsibl9XnQCE/0, createdBy=7ad21722200, createdName=jaysppr, createdTime=Sun Jun 26 14:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-26 jaysppr

    好文章,值得收藏!

    0

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