BMJ:史玉玲教授报道一例以广泛红斑、脓疱伴瘙痒为表现的皮肤真菌感染

2022-05-19 上海市皮肤病医院 上海市皮肤病医院

近日,上海市皮肤病医院/同济大学附属皮肤病医院史玉玲教授团队在国际著名综合性医学期刊《英国医学杂志》(The BMJ, IF: 39.89)上发表题为“A woman with eryth

近日,上海市皮肤病医院/同济大学附属皮肤病医院史玉玲教授团队在国际著名综合性医学期刊《英国医学杂志》(The BMJ, IF: 39.89)上发表题为“A woman with erythema and pustules”的病例报告,本文的第一作者是陈荣芬医生。

图片原文链接: https://www.bmj.com/content/377/bmj-2022-070355.long

本文报道了一例老年女性,因长期服用免疫抑制药物而出现以广泛红斑、脓疱伴瘙痒为表现的皮肤真菌感染。抗真菌治疗后,患者症状得以显著改善,现将病例介绍如下:

病例介绍:

患者中国女性,63岁,因“躯干四肢散在红斑、脓疱伴轻微瘙痒一周”就诊。患者来院一周前右侧背部出现片状红斑,上有小脓疱及白色鳞屑,2天内泛发至躯干四肢,不伴发热、畏寒等全身症状。患者既往有高血压病、糖尿病、重症肌无力和肺癌病史,近10年口服甲泼尼龙片治疗重症肌无力(4mg/d)。

查体:躯干、四肢散在或聚集分布红斑,部分为环状,红斑基础上有薄壁脓疱,部分脓疱吸收或破裂形成鳞屑,双手指甲远端甲浑浊、增厚,口腔粘膜未累及。

辅助检查:躯干及指甲皮损真菌镜检均显示假菌丝,真菌培养示假丝酵母菌属,对其进行测序示近平滑假丝酵母菌复合体。组织病理学检查示表皮不规则增生,局部海绵形成,真皮乳头水肿,可见淋巴细胞及中性粒细胞为主的炎症细胞在真皮乳头及血管周围浸润,部分中性粒细胞向表皮移入。

治疗及预后:患者最终被诊断为播散性皮肤念珠菌病。药敏试验示特比奈芬敏感(0.25ug/ml),遂予特比奈芬片250mg/d口服联合特比奈芬乳膏外用治疗,三周后患者皮疹基本消退。

病例学习:

播散性皮肤念珠菌病通常表现为头皮、口腔和间擦部位上的红斑、脓疱及鳞屑。念珠菌属是一组可能致病的机会性真菌,特别是在免疫功能低下(如长期免疫抑制剂治疗,或合并多种基础疾病)的人群中。虽然最常见的致病菌是白色念珠菌,但近年来由近平滑念珠菌引起的感染正在上升。

本例中,患者皮损特点为泛发红斑(部份为环状)、脓疱,从而指向环状红斑脓疱性疾病,如泛发性脓疱型银屑病(GPP)和急性泛发性发疹性脓疱病(AGEP)。GPP通常表现为无菌性脓疱和红斑,组织病理示表皮中性粒细胞积聚、角化不全和银屑病样增生。AGEP是一种严重的皮肤不良反应,其中药物导致的变态反应最为常见。抗生素是与AGEP有关的主要药物,其中β-内酰胺类抗生素(例如青霉素、氨基青霉素、头孢菌素)和非β-内酰胺类抗生素是最常见的药物,其次是抗惊厥药、镇痛药和钙通道阻滞剂(尤其是地尔硫卓)。本例患者否认在出现皮疹之前有药物接触史,曾一度被诊断为脓疱型银屑病,外用糖皮质激素治疗无改善。

综上所述,对于长期使用免疫抑制剂的患者出现全身泛发红斑和脓疱,外用糖皮质激素治疗无明显改善时,应考虑皮肤念珠菌病。此外,早期的真菌学检查(如KOH)可以避免不必要的病理活检。最后,准确判断致病真菌及其分型,对合理选择治疗方法、成功治愈真菌感染具有重要价值。

通讯作者

图片

史玉玲,主任医师,教授,博士生导师,现任同济大学附属皮肤病医院副院长,同济大学医学院银屑病研究所所长,同济大学银屑病临床研究中心负责人,同济大学高等研究院科研创新团队负责人。史玉玲教授课题组长期从事炎症性皮肤疾病的基础和临床研究,已发表本领域专业论文130余篇,其中SCI论文70余篇。主持了4项国家自然科学基金,获得上海市促进市级医院临床技能与临床创新三年行动计划重大项目,上海市教委“科研创新计划”自然科学重大项目以及上海市科委等多项课题资助。史玉玲教授曾获上海市“优秀学术带头人”,上海市卫生系统“优秀学科带头人”,上海市“巾帼建功标兵”,“上海市三八红旗手”,“中国皮肤科优秀中青年医师”,同济大学“我心目中的好导师”等荣誉称号,史玉玲教授目前担任亚洲银屑病学会理事,中国医师协会皮肤科医师分会常委兼总干事,中华医学会皮肤性病学分会银屑病学组副组长,上海市免疫学会皮肤免疫专业委员会主任委员等。以通讯作者分别在BMJ、Mol Cancer、J Am Acad Dermatol、J Invest Dermatol、Cell Death Dis、Front Immunol、Immunology、Pigm Cell Melanoma R、Front Pharmacol、Exp Dermatol、J Dermatol Sci等具有较高影响力的学术期刊上发表。

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    2022-11-04 gaoxiaoe
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    2022-05-21 listen318
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    2022-05-21 zhaojie88
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    2022-05-21 zhouqu_8