eLife :毛志勇/高绍荣合作团队建立高通量药物筛选平台提高CRISPR基因靶向整合效率

2020-07-28 酶美 BioArt

CRISPR-Cas9介导的基因打靶技术自问世以来便因其广阔的应用前景吸引了众多关注。然而,CRISPR-Cas9系统的打靶效率问题阻碍了其进一步的实际应用。

CRISPR-Cas9介导的基因打靶技术自问世以来便因其广阔的应用前景吸引了众多关注。然而,CRISPR-Cas9系统的打靶效率问题阻碍了其进一步的实际应用。当Cas9在基因组特定位点诱发DNA双链断裂后,其修复方式的选择决定了最终的打靶产物:只有成功进行同源重组(HR)才可完成外源基因的打靶,而发生非同源末端连接(NHEJ)则会引发基因敲除。因此,领域内认为:如果可以人为操纵Cas9切割DNA后的双链断裂修复选择偏向,理论上就可以改变基因靶向整合的效率。

eLife 杂志在线发表了同济大学附属第一妇婴保健院、生命科学与技术学院毛志勇与高绍荣教授课题组合作的题为A high-throughput small molecule screen identifies farrerol as a potentiator of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing 的文章。这项工作中,团队成员在毛志勇课题组前期建立的双色荧光DNA双链断裂修复报告细胞株中(Nucleic Acids Research, 2019)整合了可由多西环素诱导内切酶I-SceI表达的载体。利用这一新型系统,可实现简单快速地通过多西环素诱导基因组特定位点发生双链断裂,并基于流式细胞技术分析细胞荧光,从而判断细胞内的DNA双链断裂修复情况。

研究团队利用该高通量筛选平台,鉴定出了小分子化合物——杜鹃素(farrerol)可显着促进HR修复,并对NHEJ修复效率无明显影响。基于此,研究团队决定尝试利用杜鹃素提高CRISPR-Cas9介导的基因靶向整合效率。实验结果表明:杜鹃素在人和小鼠细胞中的多个基因组位点能够实现更有效精确地靶向整合。此外,杜鹃素在小鼠胚胎水平也能够有效促进靶向整合效率,随后得到的靶向整合小鼠也具备生殖系传递的能力。

该合作研究团队建立的新型高通量筛选系统具有以下几项优势:(1)DNA双链断裂修复受细胞周期影响极大,而转染本身会对细胞周期造成一定影响。由于该系统只需加入多西环素即可诱发双链断裂,而不需任何外源基因的转染,因此避免了由转染对DNA修复造成的潜在干扰;(2)本系统可配合流式细胞技术或高内涵筛选系统进行高效客观的定量分析;(3)筛选得到的影响DNA双链断裂修复的化合物不仅可用于操纵Cas9打靶效率,还具有其他多项潜在应用价值。如可利用抑制DNA修复的小分子药物靶向癌症或与其他方法进行联合靶向治疗,以及利用促进DNA修复的小分子药物改善基因组稳定性以延缓衰老的发生。

毛志勇与高绍荣教授课题组的该研究成果,将大大提高CRISPR-Cas9介导的基因靶向整合效率。此外,该工作发现杜鹃素通过促进重组酶RAD51的快速招募,进而提高HR修复中的较为精确的亚通路——基因转换(gene conversion)或者交换(crossover)——的效率,而对可能造成重复序列重组的单链退火(single strand annealing)通路有显着抑制作用;该小分子化合物对不同细胞的基因组稳定性、核型及胚胎发育都没有显着的负面影响,而目前被广泛使用的促进CRISPR-Cas9介导的基因靶向整合的小分子SCR7及RS-1均表现出了不同程度的基因或发育毒性。该工作的研究结果提示:杜鹃素既可以通过提高HR修复效率促进不同物种、不同位点的靶向整合效率,又具备较低的细胞和胚胎毒性,预示其具有重要的转化应用潜力。

原始出处:

Weina Zhang, Yu Chen, Jiaqing Yang, et al.A high-throughput small molecule screen identifies farrerol as a potentiator of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing.Elife. 2020 Jul 9;9:e56008. doi: 10.7554/eLife.56008.

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    2021-05-28 clmlylxy
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    2021-05-11 膀胱癌
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    2020-09-05 schorr

    杜鹃素

    0

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    2020-07-30 yuandd
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