子宫内膜癌的蛋白质组学分析,力推子宫内膜癌个性化治疗

2021-01-22 张师前 张师前

美国Baylor医学院Dou等报告的一项关于子宫内膜癌的综合分子研究进一步确定了关键基因和蛋白质对该疾病的作用。并提出了针对每位患者量身定制的新治疗方法,以及未来药物设计的潜在生物学目标。(Cell.

美国Baylor医学院Dou等报告的一项关于子宫内膜癌的综合分子研究进一步确定了关键基因和蛋白质对该疾病的作用。并提出了针对每位患者量身定制的新治疗方法,以及未来药物设计的潜在生物学目标。(Cell. 2020; 180:729-748.)

在来自十几个机构的研究人员的带领下,研究小组通过测量关键蛋白质的水平得出了结论。研究者表示,受基因编码指令的控制,癌细胞中的蛋白质水平是影响子宫内膜癌风险基因改变的功能性结果。专注于蛋白质组学,该研究比较了95个子宫内膜癌和49个正常子宫组织样本的蛋白质水平。

美国纽约大学Fenyö教授表示,虽然蛋白质组学更加耗时且昂贵,但其可预见癌症风险,而仅通过研究遗传密码变化的实验就无法发现这一点。蛋白质组学鉴定出在特定肿瘤中最有活性的蛋白质,这有可能设计出特别针对该肿瘤的最佳治疗方法。

该研究还检查了蛋白质的化学修饰,被称为翻译后修饰,确定了蛋白质“开启或关闭”的时间和地点。研究者对正常细胞和癌细胞之间的DNA和RNA,蛋白质水平以及DNA和蛋白质的化学变化进行了超过1200万次的测量。

该研究的关键发现是一种可将高侵袭性子宫内膜癌与在显微镜下看起来相似的低侵袭性子宫内膜癌区分的新方法。区分这两种类型将有助于临床医生更好地制定适合特定患者的治疗方法,并在疾病进程中尽早实施。

子宫内膜样子宫内膜癌,通常会在早期被发现,约占所有子宫内膜癌的85%。浆液性子宫内膜癌更具侵袭性,通常在晚期被发现,并会比子宫内膜样癌造成更多的死亡。在子宫内膜样癌组,有一个侵袭性肿瘤亚群的分子标志物与浆液型亚型更为相似。

该团队将大部分工作集中在确定区分侵袭性子宫内膜癌与浆液性子宫内膜癌和侵袭性较小的子宫内膜癌的原因。研究者在子宫内膜样肿瘤的侵袭性亚群和浆液性肿瘤中发现了一部分磷酸化的蛋白质(具有一定的翻译后修饰,可使蛋白质行使功能),但在侵袭性较小的子宫内膜样肿瘤亚群中却没有。

此外,研究者发现,目前美国FDA批准用于其他目的的药物可以将其中一些高活性蛋白作为靶标。

研究已经确定,一些侵袭性较小的子宫内膜样肿瘤人群的基因突变会过量表达β-catenin蛋白,这样会导致预后不良。研究小组证据表明,在这些看似侵袭性较小的肿瘤中,高水平的β-catenin与Wnt信号通路活性增强相关,该信号通路可刺激异常的细胞生长。

研究人员表示,多年来,科学家一直在使用基因组学来研究遗传密码,这是一种非常有效且相对基本的癌症研究方法。但是,如果增加蛋白质、RNA 和蛋白质额外水平的研究,可进一步揭示癌症的发生发展方式。

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    2021-08-21 docwu2019
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