JCEM:围绝经期综合征治疗指南

2015-10-09 phylis 译 MedSci原创

题名为“围绝经期综合征的治疗:内分泌协会临床治疗指南”的文章将在2015年11月在线发表在内分泌协会的刊物临床内分泌和代谢杂志(JCEM)上。围绝经期是是妇女雌激素和孕激素分泌显著下降的时期,并且月经期停止。美国妇女围绝经期的平均年龄为51岁。在围绝经期,许多妇女出现潮热,盗汗,睡眠障碍,情绪改变,关节疼痛,反复泌尿道感染,性交困难或疼痛等症状,这些症状在女性最后围绝经期之前很多年出现,并且持续十

题名为“围绝经期综合征的治疗:内分泌协会临床治疗指南”的文章将于2015年11月在线发表在内分泌协会的刊物临床内分泌和代谢杂志(JCEM)上。

围绝经期是是妇女雌激素和孕激素分泌显著下降的时期,并且在该时期绝经。美国妇女围绝经期的平均年龄为51岁。

在围绝经期,许多妇女出现潮热、盗汗、睡眠障碍、情绪改变、关节疼痛、反复泌尿道感染、性交困难或疼痛等症状,这些症状可能在女性最后一次月经期前的许多年出现,并且持续十年以上。

女性围绝经期综合征(又称更年期综合征,MPS)的治疗,目前有着比过去更广泛的选择,然而现在仍然有许多临床医生不强迫患者治疗。一项2012年的内分泌协会调查发现围绝经期综合征的女性中有约72%的并未得到治疗。

自2002年以来一直受到密切关注是的一次关于更年期症状的最受欢迎的治疗的研究——称为“妇女健康倡议(WHI)”的大型政府研究。研究报道:激素治疗,尤其是结合雌激素和醋酸甲羟孕酮(Prempro)联合应用,可增加50到79岁围绝经期女性发生血栓、卒中、乳腺癌以及心脏病的风险。但是,在随后的岁月里的附加研究表明,风险水平主要由女性个体的健康史、年龄和其他因素决定。专家一致认为,围绝经期激素疗法的益处超过了大多数健康女性寻求缓解更年期症状的风险。

圣地亚哥,加利福尼亚大学围绝经期内分泌治疗专家,也是撰写指南的主席Cynthia A. Stuenkel说,女性没必要忍受多年的围绝经期综合征,因为有许多治疗方法可用,包括激素治疗和非激素治疗。每一个妇女都应该全程参与健康护理,根据医生的建议决定自己是否需要治疗,并且决定哪种治疗适合自己。决定是否需要治疗基于治疗的有效性和安全性,也基于个人的风险预测和个人偏好。

在临床指南中,内分泌协会建议,拥有子宫的女性应决定在围绝经期进行雌激素和孕激素替代治疗,并且被告知利与弊,包括非连续治疗或非连续治疗之后可能发生乳腺癌的风险增加。卫生保健提供者应该建议所有女性,包括那些正在进行围绝经期激素治疗的女性,遵照指南进行乳腺癌扫描检查。

临床指南的其他推荐包括:

1.对于围绝经期需要激素治疗,以及有静脉血栓栓塞(包括深静脉血栓形成)的风险的女性,推荐其进行片剂、凝胶或喷雾等经皮雌激素治疗。

2.孕激素治疗可以预防子宫癌女性因服用雌激素所致的潮热。对于已经接受子宫切除术的妇女来说,这是没有必要的。

3.围绝经期激素治疗的女性出现不定期的阴道出血,其应该进行检查以排除子宫内膜癌或子宫肥大。

4.推荐选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRIs)、5-羟色胺去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂(SNRIs)、加巴喷丁或普瑞巴林这些药物给那些需要药物来控制潮热症状的中重度潮热女性;但不愿意接受激素治疗或有显著的风险因素的女性,不建议进行激素治疗。

5.推荐围绝经期有泌尿生殖道症状女性服用低剂量阴道雌激素治疗,比如存在外阴烧灼感和刺激症状、干燥、性交不适或疼痛、尿急或反复感染的女性。这种治疗方法只适用于没有雌激素依赖性癌症的女性。

原文出处:

The Endocrine Society. "Experts recommend assessing individual benefits, risks of menopausal therapies: Clinical Practice Guideline on treatment of menopausal symptoms." Science Daily. Science Daily, 7 October 2015.

Cynthia A. Stuenkel, Susan R. et al. Treatment of Symptoms of the Menopause: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, October 2015 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2236.

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    2016-12-02 脱因不花

    十年持续比较久,对女性来说确实不容易

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    2016-04-06 achengzhao
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    2016-05-31 smallant2015
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    2015-10-11 海豹
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