人工膝关节置换术后晚期自发性膝关节出血2例

2018-03-07 患者女性,57岁 中华关节外科杂志(电子版)

患者女性,57岁

病例1

【一般资料】

患者女性,57岁

【现病史】

2012年11月因持续性双膝关节疼痛、功能受限在兰州军区兰州总医院关节外科就诊,X线拍片提示双膝骨关节炎,Ahlback分期Ⅲ期(图1)。入院后在连续硬膜外麻醉下行双膝人工表面膝关节置换术(图2),术后伤口一期愈合,双膝关节功能恢复良好。患者于2014年11月3日无明显诱因突发右膝关节肿胀,自觉胀痛难忍,不伴全身发热及局部皮肤发红,在当地医院行关节穿刺抽出约200ml积血,右膝肿痛得到一定程度缓解,细菌培养阳性,为少量金黄色葡萄球菌,患者卧床休息并未过多下地活动。1周后右膝又突发肿胀,患者为进一步诊治急诊来兰州军区兰州总医院关节外科。

【体格检查】

全身一般情况良好,全身无发热及皮肤出血点。左膝无红肿,膝关节活动度0°~120°,内外侧应力试验膝关节稳定性良好;右膝肿胀明显,浮髌试验阳性,局部无明显压痛点,膝关节活动度0°~125°,内外侧应力试验及前后抽屉试验膝关节稳定性良好。

【辅助检查】

入院后,查血常规出凝血时间及血小板正常,血沉和C-反应蛋白等感染指标均正常,患者否认近期膝关节行走过多及扭伤史。右膝关节行关节穿刺抽出约150ml积血,颜色暗红。

【治疗】

考虑右膝关节短时间内反复出现关节内出血和积血,为探查出血原因并进行相应对症治疗,于2014年11月8日在腰麻下行右膝关节探查术。术中见关节内积血较多(图3),将积血吸净后见膝关节滑膜充血增厚明显,假体位置良好且无松动迹象,内外侧副韧带张力略有松弛。为探查膝关节后关节囊,将衬垫取出,松止血带,见膝关节滑膜及后关节均无较强的活动性出血点,在股骨髁假体边缘相对应的滑膜组织无磨损性出血点,将伤口内的普通出血点仔细止血。考虑原膝关节置换已有2年以及为增大膝关节软组织的张力,将原初次置换时的10mm厚衬垫更换为12mm厚衬垫(图4)。检查膝关节松紧度良好,脉冲冲洗伤口,放置引流,逐层关闭切口。术后第1天引流出血性液体约210ml,24h后拔出引流管。术后右膝关节略肿胀,关节腔内无较多活动性出血迹象。术后按期拆线。术中细菌培养结果阴性,滑膜组织病理检查提示为充血性滑膜炎。经半年随访未发现右膝关节自发性积血再次复发迹象,右膝关节活动度良好。

病例2

【一般资料】

患者女性,68岁。

【现病史】

2014年1月因左膝关节骨关节炎行膝关节置换术(图5),术后伤口一期愈合,左膝关节功能恢复良好。患者于2016年3月无明显诱因突发左膝关节肿胀疼痛,行走时疼痛加重明显,患者为进一步诊治急诊来兰州军区兰州总医院关节外科,患者否认近期膝关节行走过多及左膝扭伤史。

【体格检查】

左膝肿胀明显,浮髌试验阳性,局部广泛性压痛,膝关节活动度0°~125°,内外侧应力试验及前后抽屉试验膝关节稳定性良好。

【辅助检查】

入院后查血常规出凝血时间及血小板正常,血沉和C-反应蛋白等感染指标均正常。

【治疗】

考虑右膝关节短时间出现左膝关节肿胀,为探查肿痛原因并进行相应对症治疗,入院后在腰麻下行左膝关节探查术。术中见关节内有较多陈旧性积血块(图6),将积血吸净后见膝关节滑膜充血,假体位置良好且无松动迹象,内外侧副韧带张力略有松弛。为探查膝关节后关节囊,将衬垫取出,松止血带,见膝关节滑膜及后关节均无明显的活动性出血点,将原初次置换时的10mm厚衬垫更换为12mm厚衬垫(图7)。检查膝关节松紧度良好,脉冲冲洗伤口,放置引流,逐层关闭切口。术后第1天引流出血性液体约80ml,术后8h拔出引流管。术后左膝关节无明显肿胀,按期拆线。术后3个月随访未发现左膝关节肿胀再次复发迹象,左膝关节活动度良好。


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    2018-07-10 yxch48
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    2018-03-09 sodoo
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    2018-03-07 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了.涨知识

    0

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