EHJ|北京大学:46万人数据提示,这5点生活方式对中国人的心脏疾病和多发病有重要影响!

2021-08-05 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

该研究的结果提示这5点生活方式对中国人的心脏疾病和多发病有重要影响

身体多发病与生活质量的降低和医疗资源的使用有关。心脏代谢性多发病(CMM)是最常见的多发病特征之一,被定义为同时存在两种或三种心脏代谢性疾病(CMD),包括糖尿病、缺血性心脏病(IHD)和中风。

尽管生活方式因素(LFs)与单一的CMD之间的关联已被证实,但只有少数研究对LFs与CMM之间的关联进行了研究。一项对16个队列120 813名欧洲和美国成年人的汇总分析显示,在没有CMD的人群中,每增加5 kg/m2体重指数(BMI),CMM的几率就会增加90%。

另一项在护士健康研究和健康专家随访研究中进行的研究显示,有三个或以上低风险LFs的2型糖尿病(T2D)患者的血管疾病风险仅为无低风险LFs患者的一半。

一般来说,先前的研究要么是调查LFs对无任何CMD的参与者的CMM发展的影响,而不考虑单一CMD的中间进展,要么是对单一CMD或CMM患者的预后的影响。尽管这些研究表明LFs有积极作用,但由于只关注疾病进展的一个阶段,这种零散的分析使得比较LFs对单一CMD前后不同阶段的影响具有挑战性。

此外,大多数关于LFs和CMM的研究是在西方人群中进行的,其中出血性卒中(HS)在总卒中中的比例明显低于中国人群。由于缺血性卒中(IS)和HS的病因途径和危险因素不尽相同,中国人群中LFs与CMM关联的效应估计可能不同。

为了更好的了解LFs对从健康到第一种心脏代谢性疾病(FCMD),随后到CMM,以及进一步到死亡的影响,来自我国北京大学的研究团队领衔开展了一项全国性的研究,结果发表在最新的《欧洲心脏病杂志》EHJ上。

使用了来自中国Kadoorie生物库的数据,其中有461047名30-79岁的成年人在基线时没有心脏病、中风和糖尿病。心脏代谢性多发病被定义为同时存在两种或三种CMD,包括缺血性心脏病(IHD)、中风和2型糖尿病(T2D)。使用多状态模型来分析高风险LFs(目前吸烟或因病戒烟、目前过量饮酒或戒酒、饮食不当、缺乏运动和不健康的体形)对CMD进展的影响。

本研究中高危生活方式因素与所有疾病过渡阶段有关

在11.2年的中位随访期间,87687名参与者发展了至少一种CMD,14164人发展了CMM,17541人在之后死亡。五个高危LF在所有从健康到FCMD,到CMM,再到死亡的转变中起着关键但不同的作用。从健康人到FCMD以及从FCMD到CMM,每增加一个因素的危险比分别增加20%与14%(HR=1.20,95%CI:1.19,1.21;HR=1.14,95%CI:1.11,1.16);而从健康人、FCMD和CMM的死亡风险分别增加21%、12%与10%(HR=1.21,95%CI:1.19,1.23;HR=1.12,95%CI:1.10,1.15;HR=1.10,95%CI:1.06,1.15)。

LFs对从健康到第一种心脏代谢性疾病,到心脏代谢性多发病的影响

当进一步将FCMD分为IHD、缺血性中风、出血性中风和T2D时,研究人员发现即使在同一过渡阶段,LFs在特定疾病的过渡中也发挥了不同的作用。

综上,该研究的结果提示这5点生活方式对中国人的心脏疾病和多发病有重要影响,强调了将全面的生活方式干预纳入健康管理和中风病管理的意义。

 

参考文献:

Lifestyle, cardiometabolic disease, and multimorbidity in a prospective Chinese study, European Heart Journal, 2021;, ehab413, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab413

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    2022-04-15 mnda
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    2021-08-06 zwr123

    Former smokers and drinkers were included in the high-risk group to avoid a misleadingly elevated risk for the reference group. 戒烟戒酒纳入危险因素,防止误导性的对照组患病风险增高

    0

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