Neurology:老年痴呆患者的神经精神症状和认知症状,或许比我们想象的要普遍

2021-09-29 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

神经精神症状和认知症状在AD的临床谱系中都很普遍,且在疾病的过程中表现出不同的演变。

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种主要发生于老年人的神经退行性疾病,其病因和发病机制尚不明确,该病是痴呆的最常见病因。

AD最基本、经常最早出现的临床表现为选择性记忆障碍,但也有例外。虽然现有治疗能改善该病的某些症状,但目前尚无治愈方法或疾病修正治疗(延缓病程的治疗),所有患者都无法避免疾病进展。

为了研究在阿尔茨海默病(AD)临床谱系中β-淀粉样蛋白阳性(A+)人群中,神经精神症状(NPS)的流行率和与认知功能的关系轨迹。来自阿姆斯特丹阿尔茨海默中心神经学系的专家开展了相关研究,结果发表在Neurology杂志上。

在这项单中心观察性研究中,研究人员纳入了所有到阿姆斯特丹阿尔茨海默中心就诊、临床诊断为主观认知功能下降(SCD)、轻度认知障碍(MCI)或可能的AD痴呆且为A+的个体。使用神经精神清单(NPI)测量NPS,检查总分和特定NPI领域的存在。认知能力是通过5个认知领域和迷你精神状态检查(MMSE)来评估的。研究了轨迹,包括基于模型的NPS和认知功能随时间变化的趋势。使用线性混合模型将基线NPI分数与基线(全样本)和纵向时间点(子样本n = 520,平均1.8[SD 0.7]年随访)的认知功能联系起来。

结果共从阿姆斯特丹痴呆症队列中纳入了1524名A+个体,其中有A+ SCD(n = 113),A+ MCI(n = 321),A+ AD痴呆(n = 1,090)。NPS在所有临床AD阶段都很普遍(≥1个NPS,SCD为81.4%,MCI为81.2%,痴呆为88.7%;≥1个临床相关NPS,SCD为54.0%,MCI为50.5%,痴呆为66.0%)。

根据临床AD阶段,神经精神症状(NPS)在β-淀粉样蛋白阳性(A+)样本中的流行率

认知功能显示出统一的逐渐下降;而相反,在所有AD组中,随着时间的推移,观察到NPS有很大的个体内异质性。在基线时,发现NPS与痴呆症的认知能力之间的关联在NPI总分和MMSE中最为明显(范围β=-0.18至-0.11,假发现率[FDR] p<0.05),而在SCD和MCI中没有横断面关系(范围β=-0.32至0.36,所有FDR p>0.05)。在任何临床阶段,基线NPS和认知功能之间没有关联(范围β=-0.13到0.44,所有FDR P>0.05)。

综上,神经精神症状和认知症状在AD的临床谱系中都很普遍,且在疾病的过程中表现出不同的演变。

 

参考文献:

Neuropsychiatric and Cognitive Symptoms Across the Alzheimer Disease Clinical Spectrum Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Associations. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000012598

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    2022-04-24 yinhl1978
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    2021-09-29 neuro.Dr

    老年性痴呆,未来还是希望借助神经电生理吧,也许更为有效!

    0

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