世界睡眠日:专家告诉你如何有一个好的睡眠?

2022-03-21 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

世界睡眠日是每年的3月21日,今年睡眠日的主题是“良好睡眠,健康同行”。睡眠是人体的一种主动过程,可以恢复精神和解除疲劳。充足的睡眠、均衡的饮食和适当的运动,是国际社会公认的三

世界睡眠日是每年的3月21日,今年睡眠日的主题是“良好睡眠,健康同行”。睡眠是人体的一种主动过程,可以恢复精神和解除疲劳。充足的睡眠、均衡的饮食和适当的运动,是国际社会公认的三项健康标准。

人一生中有三分之一的时间是在睡眠中度过,五天不睡眠人就会死去,可见睡眠是人的生理需要。睡眠作为生命所必须的过程,是机体复原、整合和巩固记忆的重要环节,是健康不可缺少的组成部分。世界卫生组织调查,27%的人有睡眠问题。

《中国睡眠研究报告(2022)》显示,过去10年国人的入睡时间晚了两个多小时,睡眠平均时长从2012年的8.5小时缩减到2021年的7.06小时。调查显示仅35%国人睡够8小时,新手妈妈、学生、职场人士睡眠问题突出。

影响睡眠的因素有哪些?

影响睡眠时长的因素有:看手机或上网导致睡眠拖延,工作或学习时长挤占了睡眠时间,以及失眠等睡眠障碍的影响。研究表明,与7-7.5小时睡眠者相比,女性每天睡眠小于5小时结肠癌风险增加36%;男性睡眠小于6.5小时肺癌风险增加112%。

什么时候入睡最佳?

北京朝阳医院呼吸睡眠中心主任郭兮恒建议大家应该在10点到11点睡觉,最晚不要超过12点,睡眠时间最好能维持在7到8个小时。专家介绍,每晚睡眠不足6小时,持续一周,就会导致体内700多个基因发生改变。长期睡眠不足,甚至会加大患心脑血管疾病、抑郁症、糖尿病和肥胖的风险。医学上,熬夜时间的界定有争议,但从生物节律和内分泌角度看,一般认为超过23点后睡就算熬夜了。

良好的睡眠标准是什么样的?

一般来说,以下几种情况都能表明睡眠状况不错:

1、能在10—20分钟内快速入睡;

2、睡眠时间足量,睡眠时间因人而异,有些人可能睡6小时就能恢复体力,完成一天的活动,而有些人则可能需要8小时的睡眠才能从疲劳中恢复过来。

3、睡眠应是连续的、稳定的,不能是一天24小时中拼凑起来的几个小时,夜间醒来的次数也不宜超过2次。夜间不会很轻易醒来,即使醒来也能很快入睡。

4、睡眠中无惊梦,睡醒后梦很快被忘掉

5、睡醒后感觉神清气爽,精神饱满,没有疲劳感。如果醒来后感觉困倦、乏力、烦躁,出现不能集中精力、工作能力下降等情况,就说明没有睡好。

疫情下我们如何拥有健康的睡眠?

黑龙江省睡眠学会副会长、哈医大一院神经内四病房主任潘永惠教授指出,首先要正确理解什么是睡眠障碍?按照《中国成人失眠诊断与治疗指南》(2017版)中的定义,其主要表现可分为以下几点,您也可以为自己的睡眠质量做个评估:

  • 入睡困难(入睡时间超过30分钟)
  • 睡眠持续障碍(整夜觉醒次数≥2次)
  • 早醒、睡眠质量下降和总睡眠时间减少(通常少于6.5小时)

同时伴有日间功能障碍(主要包括疲劳、情绪易烦躁或易激动、注意力不集中或记忆障碍、躯体不适、认知障碍等)。

“疫情期间,人们长时间居家不出,可能会因为生活不规律、缺少体育锻炼或者因疫情带来的负面情绪,导致睡眠障碍的发生。”潘永惠教授提醒大家,首先应保证睡眠时间,建议大家每天睡足8小时,最少也要保证6.5小时,并通过一些科学的方法保持良好的睡眠以保证健康。

首先,我们应当保持着良好的生活规律,避免以下行为:

1.在床上长时间玩手机、睡前吃东西、长时间打游戏等行为,导致神经过度兴奋,影响睡眠;

2.醒后长时间赖床、过度熬夜,睡懒觉、睡眠无规律等破坏人体原有的“生物钟”;

3.吸烟、饮酒、滥用药物等;

4.持续处于过度紧张状态,负面情绪增多。

其次,因疫情无法外出,可以在日间因地制宜,根据自身身体素质以及兴趣爱好选择运动和各种活动,特殊时期既可以增强体质,提高抗病能力,同时适当的运动又能够促进睡眠,改善睡眠质量。

然后,要学会调节心情,保持乐观向上的生活态度,可以多和家人、朋友进行交流,增进感情的同时还可以舒缓不安情绪,良好的情绪能够让我们更好的迎接睡眠。

最后,潘永惠教授提醒,如果在疫情期间,出现了难以克服的睡眠障碍,通过上述方法不能有效缓解时,需要及时到正规医院就医。

 

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    2022-05-02 病毒猎手

    #世界睡眠日#,一个好的#睡眠#何其重要!

    0

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    2022-03-23 夏枯草ing

    助眠药确实用分不规范

    0

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    2022-03-23 ningjinyao

    学到了

    0

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    2022-03-22 13746658d9m

    晚上11点之前入睡对身体比较好

    0

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    2022-03-22 哈!

    睡眠是大问题,需要关注

    0

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