腹膜后多器官累及的黄色肉芽肿1例

2018-11-26 张红伟 吕发金 中国医学影像学杂志

女,58岁,因“肛门坠胀8个月余,加重半个月”入院,伴大便次数增多,每日排稀便10余次,量少,无腹痛、腹胀,无尿频、尿急等不适,经治疗症状可减轻,但反复发作。

1.病例简介
 
女,58岁,因“肛门坠胀8个月余,加重半个月”入院,伴大便次数增多,每日排稀便10余次,量少,无腹痛、腹胀,无尿频、尿急等不适,经治疗症状可减轻,但反复发作。
 
实验室检查:血钾3.2mmol/L,尿白细胞28个/μl,尿红细胞27个/μl,大便常规无明显异常。
 
影像表现:CT示盆腔骶骨前方增多软组织肿块影,与直肠壁、子宫、盆壁肌肉分界不清,最大层面大小约5.3 cm×6.5 cm,边界不清,密度尚均匀,增强后可见轻中度较均匀强化,病灶部分包绕髂内外动脉;冠状位曲面重组见右侧肾周、右侧输尿管周围增多软组织影包绕,伴右侧肾盂、输尿管扩张积水,肾皮质明显受压变薄(图1)。
 
图1 CT平扫示盆腔骶骨前方软组织肿块,与直肠、子宫、盆壁肌肉分界不清(箭,A);增强扫描动脉期病灶轻度强化,其内多发点条状血管影(箭,B);增强扫描静脉期病灶强化程度稍增加(箭,C);冠状位曲面重组见右侧肾周、右侧输尿管周围增多软组织影,伴右侧肾盂、输尿管扩张积水,肾皮质明显受压变薄,类似“熊掌征”(箭,D)
 
MRI示盆腔内骶骨前方肿块,边界不清,T1WI及T2WI序列与肌肉相比均呈等信号,T1WI增强序列示病灶较均匀强化(图2A~C);DWI呈明显高信号(图2D)。手术所见:骶骨岬至骶前腹膜返折下扪及坚韧组织,与右侧卵巢及阑尾、子宫粘连,盆腔呈冰冻状,受累直肠腹膜返折处狭窄,乙状结肠系膜挛缩。病理:盆腔纤维、组织细胞增生,伴较多泡沫细胞、多核巨细胞形成及大量淋巴细胞为主的慢性炎症细胞浸润,未见明确干酪样坏死,考虑黄色肉芽肿(图3)。免疫组化:CK(-),EMA(-),CD68(+),Ki-67散在(+),Langerin(-),S-100(-),CD1a(-)。特殊染色:抗酸(-),PAS(-)。
 
图2 盆腔内骶骨前方肿块(箭),T1WI及T2WI序列与肌肉相比均呈等信号(A、B);T1WI增强示病灶较均匀强化(箭,C);DWI呈明显高信号(箭,D)
 
图3 术后病理为黄色肉芽肿,显微镜下见大量泡沫细胞(透明的空泡细胞,A)及慢性炎症细胞,CD68染色阳性(黄染的巨噬细胞,HE,×400,B)
 
2.讨论
 
黄色肉芽肿临床上较罕见,是一种慢性非特异性炎症,主要由泡沫样细胞、组织细胞、纤维细胞及炎症细胞等多种细胞构成的瘤样病变,绝大多数为发生于肾脏的黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎,多表现为肾盂肾盏呈囊状扩张,肾盂肾盏壁显著增厚,增强呈进行性强化,类似“熊掌征”。
 
本例病灶累及肾周表现,与此类似,可见“熊掌征”。其次可发生于胆囊、肠系膜、四肢、肺等,而累及多部位的病变极为罕见。该病变呈弥漫性生长,主要侵犯浆膜、肌层和黏膜下,而黏膜常保持完整,病变的影像学表现较临床表现严重是本病的特点。临床多表现为腹部隐痛不适等,而影像学检查无特异性表现,故容易误诊。本例病灶范围比较广,累及盆腔、右肾周及输尿管周围,实属罕见,且该病灶明显与周围组织粘连,分界不清,酷似恶性肿瘤,术前误诊为淋巴瘤
 
此例腹膜后黄色肉芽肿需与腹膜后其他肿瘤性疾病相鉴别:①腹膜后淋巴瘤,范围广泛,常见腹膜后自胰周水平即出现肿大淋巴结,可融合成团,推移腹主动脉呈“夹心饼”样改变,血管不受侵犯。②腹膜后炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤,软组织肿块较大,坏死囊变多见,密度及信号多不均匀。③腹膜后纤维化,多表现为腹膜后肾门以下包绕腹主动脉、下腔静脉、输尿管所引起肾盂扩张的软组织肿块。
 
本例临床上主要表现为肠道症状,还需与肠道来源的恶性肿瘤相鉴别;但本例病灶与常见直肠癌表现形式及强化方式均不符合,故不考虑。本例病变镜下表现为大量泡沫细胞,伴有多核巨细胞及慢性炎症细胞,最终诊断为黄色肉芽肿,本病虽然在病理上为良性肿瘤,但具有侵袭性的生物学行为,且复发率较高,因此手术切除为首选治疗方法。腹膜后肉芽肿临床上少见,影像征象相对缺少特异性,容易误诊,当发现腹膜后形态不规则肿块,合并不明原因肾积水时需考虑到本病的可能,再通过仔细分析其基本影像特征及强化方式,有望提出倾向性诊断,但最终诊断仍需依靠病理及免疫组化检查。
 
原始出处:

张红伟,吕发金.腹膜后多器官累及的黄色肉芽肿1例[J].中国医学影像学杂志,2018,26(01):42-43.

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    2018-12-02 一天没事干

    很好的学习机会

    0

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    2018-11-28 xuyong530
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1931901, encodeId=f8011931901b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6f9885648e1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#腹膜后#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85648, encryptionId=6f9885648e1, topicName=腹膜后)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fda6311, createdName=119337457, createdTime=Sun Jan 27 08:15:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354237, encodeId=7e1e35423ea0, content=很好的学习机会, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/04/12/cd30eefc465f70dc4dad89bd57479781.jpg, createdBy=02be2318568, createdName=一天没事干, createdTime=Sun Dec 02 10:21:58 CST 2018, time=2018-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1344772, encodeId=496c1344e7223, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0e98808e9f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肉芽肿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=80879, encryptionId=0e98808e9f9, topicName=肉芽肿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=09a12500213, createdName=12498f1em08(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Nov 28 12:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1623810, encodeId=339c162381064, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16ba8564526' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#腹膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85645, encryptionId=16ba8564526, topicName=腹膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=93e220615097, createdName=xuyong530, createdTime=Wed Nov 28 12:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353736, encodeId=bd0f353e36ec, content=了解一下,谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/23/2f51002e1349ccda5be11c1eea1e1e60.jpg, createdBy=a22097948, createdName=天地飞扬, createdTime=Mon Nov 26 23:18:21 CST 2018, time=2018-11-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-26 天地飞扬

    了解一下,谢谢分享!

    0

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