盘点:近期与肥胖相关疾病研究一览

2017-10-06 lishiting MedSci原创

肥胖主要是脂肪细胞的堆积造成的,而脂肪堆积的主要部位就是内脏。世界卫生组织已将肥胖定为疾病,是目前继心脑血管病和癌症之后对人类健康威胁的第三大敌人。在此,小编整理了近期与肥胖相关疾病的研究一览。【1】NEJM:减肥手术的12年随访结果公布1954年进行了第一例减肥手外科手术。从此以后,减肥手术创伤越来越小和安全,并且发现减肥手术能够改善患者的代谢状态。几项短期随机对照试验比较了合并2型糖尿病肥

肥胖主要是脂肪细胞的堆积造成的,而脂肪堆积的主要部位就是内脏。世界卫生组织已将肥胖定为疾病,是目前继心脑血管病和癌症之后对人类健康威胁的第三大敌人。在此,小编整理了近期与肥胖相关疾病的研究一览。

【1】NEJM:减肥手术的12年随访结果公布

1954年进行了第一例减肥手外科手术。从此以后,减肥手术创伤越来越小和安全,并且发现减肥手术能够改善患者的代谢状态。几项短期随机对照试验比较了合并2型糖尿病肥胖患者采用减肥外科手术或非手术强化治疗比如生活方式和药物治疗的临床预后。尽管这些试验对临床做出了重要贡献,但是减肥手术长期获益和风险仍然不清楚。

2017年9月来自犹他州大学医学院的Ted D. Adams等在NEJM上公布了他们的研究结果,他们报道了一项Roux-en-Y胃旁路术长期随访(12年)的观察性前瞻性研究结果。

该研究观察了1156例严重肥胖患者,包括三组:418例患者寻求(sought)并进行了Roux-en-Y胃旁路术(外科组),417例患者寻求但是未进行Roux-en-Y胃旁路术(主要是保险的原因)(非外科1组),321例未寻求手术(非外科2组)。研究者分别约基线、2年、6年和12年分别进行了临床检查以确诊是否存在2型糖尿病高血压和血脂异常。

12年时随访率超过了90%。外科组体重平均变化(从基线):2年时-45kg,6年时-36.3kg,12年时-35kg(平均降低26.9%);非外科1组:12年时-2.9kg(平均降低2%);非外科2组:12年时0kg(平均降低0.9%)。

在外科组基线诊断2型糖尿病的患者中,不同随访时间被免除(remission)糖尿病诊断的患者比例分别为:2年时75%,6年时62%,12年时51%。外科组 vs 非外科1组12年时2型糖尿病发生率的OR值为0.08 (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.24),外科组 vs 非外科2组OR值为0.09 (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.29);上面两项比较的P值均<0.001。同样,与非外科1组相比外科组高血压和血脂异常的免除诊断率更高和发病率更低(均<0.05)。

此项研究认为,Roux-en-Y胃旁路术者体重长期持久降低(weight loss),能够有效地免除诊断和预防2型糖尿病、高血压和血脂异常。(文章详见--NEJM:减肥手术的12年随访结果公布

【2】J Clin Periodontol:胰岛素抵抗肥胖患者患牙周炎几率

作者研究肥胖与牙周炎之间的关系,以确定胰岛素抵抗(IR)在这种关系中可能的作用。

研究选取212例受试者(110名肥胖和102名贫困个体)进行牙周病评估,并根据IR分为:无IR组(LWIR),无IR(OWIR)肥胖组和IR(OIR)肥胖组。评估人体测量,代谢,炎症和牙周参数。

结果显示,肥胖(80.9%)患牙周炎的患者比健康人群(41.2%)更为普遍,前者患牙周炎风险增加了6倍。肥胖受试者整体舒张压,TNFα和hsCRP升高和HDL胆固醇较低。 OIR比OWIR有更高的收缩压,葡萄糖,胰岛素,HOMA-IR,A1c,甘油三酯和牙齿数目,其他牙周变量没有改变。多变量回归模型显示探诊深度,探查出血和HOMA-IR均为PD≥4mm的牙齿数的独立预测因子。

该项研究表明,我们的数据支持肥胖和牙周炎之间的关联,并指出IR的核心作用。在IR患者中,牙周炎的发病率更高。(文章详见--J Clin Periodontol:胰岛素抵抗肥胖患者患牙周炎几率

【3】J Clin Invest:科学家们找到攻克脂肪肝的新目标,或能根除全球10亿人的疾病!

如果你是全世界二十亿超重肥胖的人之一,如果你是全世界十亿脂肪肝患者之一,那么医生的第一个建议是减少卡路里的摄入量,特别要减少高果糖,玉米糖浆,加糖饮料和其他加工食品。

乔斯林糖尿病中心的研究人员在对小鼠进行的试验中发现,在所有高脂肪饮食的小鼠中,摄入果糖的小鼠肝脏损坏最大,为了解释不同的结果,科学家们还在继续调查这一现象的生物过程。

虽然脂肪肝通常不会发展成致命的肝病,然而,这一情况还是令人担忧的,来自乔斯林的研究人员针对肥胖,2型糖尿病,脂肪肝等代谢疾病对小鼠进行了试验。参加实验的小动物们分别定期喂以高脂肪的饮食和白开水,或者是高脂肪饮食搭配加果糖或葡萄糖的水。

在为期10周的试验中,所有的动物都进行了正常的饮食,在高脂肪的饮食中,果糖和葡萄糖之间存在着显着的差异。其中,果糖的代谢结果更糟糕。研究人员发现,生产酶Khk是果糖代谢的第一步,当科学家们检查并对比正常人类的肝脏样本与脂肪肝或肥胖青少年的肝脏样本时发现,肥胖或脂肪肝人群的Khk水平较高。

这一发现为科学家们对抗果糖代谢提供了新的目标,为了跟进这种可能性,科学家又进行了一系列的验证,但最引人注目的是还是高脂肪搭配高果糖饮食,通过试验结果,科学家们相信新的分子目标定能攻克脂肪肝。(文章详见--J Clin Invest:科学家们找到攻克脂肪肝的新目标,或能根除全球10亿人的疾病!

【4】美国癌症协会公布于肥胖有关的13种癌症,你中枪了吗?

根据最新的研究显示,美国40%的癌症诊断都与肥胖有关,这虽然并不意味着体重超重是导致癌症的根源,但是两者之间确实存在着一些相关性。这项研究发现表明,其中63万例的癌症与肥胖或超重有关系,其中包括13种类型的癌症。

美国疾病防控中心副主任表示:"肥胖和超重是与癌症的关系是令人惊讶的。人们对哪些癌症与肥胖和超重有关还认识不够,在我们的调查中发现,有13种癌症都与肥胖密不可分,其中包括:脑癌,多发性骨髓瘤,食道癌,绝经后乳腺癌,甲状腺癌,胆癌,胃癌,肝癌,胰腺癌,肾癌,卵巢癌,子宫癌和结肠癌。其实,早期研究的很多证据表明,减肥可以降低某些癌症的风险。"

根据疾病预防控制中心和美国国家癌症研究所的报告,这13种与肥胖相关的癌症占所有癌症病例的40%。虽然近年来新癌症病例的比例正在逐年减少,但是超重和肥胖引起的癌症很可能带来负面效果。

此次研究的主要结论包括:在所有癌症病例中,与肥胖有关的癌症病例,女性占55%,男性占24%;黑人,印第安人,阿拉斯加土着男人的患癌比例比白人男性高;与肥胖有关的癌症在近十年间增加了7%,结肠癌下降了23%;非肥胖导致的癌症下降了13%;除了结肠癌之外,与肥胖有关的癌症均出现在75岁以下。(文章详见--美国癌症协会公布于肥胖有关的13种癌症,你中枪了吗?

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    2017-10-07 1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称)

    不错的文章值得一读.

    0

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    2017-10-07 清幽蓝燕yan

    真的学习了.减肥仍是一项长久之战

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    2017-10-07 明月清辉

    谢谢分享.学习了

    0

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    2017-10-07 龙胆草

    学习谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-10-07 yjs木玉

    肥胖是健康的大敌

    0

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    2017-10-06 有备才能无患

    肥胖主要是脂肪细胞的堆积造成的.而脂肪堆积的主要部位就是内脏.世界卫生组织已将肥胖定为疾病.是目前继心脑血管病和癌症之后对人类健康威胁的第三大敌人.在此.小编整理了近期与肥胖相关疾病的研究一览.

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