Sci Transl Med :合作揭示“氧化还原稳态”在多囊肾病发生发展中的作用机制及靶向干预策略

2020-07-31 BioArt

常染色体显性多囊肾病是最常见的遗传性肾病,发病率约为1/500~1/1000,导致肾功能衰退。但ADPKD中氧化还原稳态失衡在疾病发生发展中的作用及其机制仍不清楚,也缺乏针对性的治疗方案。

常染色体显性多囊肾病(Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, ADPKD)是最常见的遗传性肾病,发病率约为1/500~1/1000,临床表现为双侧肾囊肿进行性扩大,导致肾功能衰退,约半数患者60岁前进入终末期肾病。最新的研究表明,与正常的肾脏上皮细胞相比,囊泡上皮细胞的一个主要细胞生物学变化是线粒体形态和功能的异常,进而导致氧化压力(oxidative stress)水平升高,但ADPKD中氧化还原稳态失衡在疾病发生发展中的作用及其机制仍不清楚,也缺乏针对性的治疗方案。

2020年7月29日,天津医科大学陈宇鹏/张丽荣教授与山东省立医院泌尿微创中心熊晖主任合作于Science Translational Medicine发表题为“Activation of NRF2 ameliorates oxidative stress and cystogenesis in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease”的文章,该研究提出ADPKD发病的“氧化还原稳态失衡”学说,并建立了靶向活化NRF2介导的抗氧化通路的干预策略。

研究人员首先通过蛋白组学比较正常小鼠和ADPKD小鼠肾脏组织,结果表明,在ADPKD小鼠肾脏组织中,众多抗氧化酶和调控分子表达下降,而这其中多数为抗氧化转录因子NRF2下游的靶基因。进一步的分析发现,NRF2在ADPKD小鼠和患者肾脏组织中表达下降,而且,其下降与组织中氧化应激水平呈负相关,与疾病进展呈正相关。这一结果提示,NRF2介导的抗氧化通路的异常,很有可能是导致囊泡上皮细胞氧化压力水平升高以及疾病发生发展的原因。

ADPKD中NRF2的两个降解通路KEAP1-CUL3和GSK3β-CUL1的活性增加,导致NRF2的蛋白稳定性降低,从而促进NRF2降解。通过多种ADPKD小鼠模型的功能学研究,研究人员发现,敲低Nrf2导致疾病进展加速,而使用NRF2的激动剂则可以有效延缓疾病的进展。

以往的研究发现,NRF2作为转录因子,其发挥作用是通过结合在靶基因的启动子区,进而激活基因的表达。研究人员结合转录组、表观组等多组学研究手段,发现NRF2在全基因组范围主要是结合在基因的增强子区,而结合在启动子区的则不足5%。药物激活NRF2表达后,NRF2招募组蛋白乙酰化酶P300,主要增加了增强子区组蛋白的乙酰化水平,进而激活增强子,上调增强子驱动的下游靶基因表达。进一步蛋白序列和生化实验的分析结果表明,NRF2具有一段无序序列(Intrinsic disorder region, IDR),可以在体内体外发生相变(phase separation),而其相变功能对于招募转录共激活因子和激活靶基因表达都是必须的。

综上,该研究阐释了ADPKD中NRF2介导的抗氧化通路下调的机制,解析了氧化还原稳态失衡在正常细胞囊性转化过程中的重要作用及其机制,提出了靶向激活NRF2用于疾病治疗的实验基础。托伐普坦是目前临床治疗ADPKD的唯一药物,但该药价格昂贵,伴有多尿,口渴等多种副作用,并有潜在的肝脏毒性,因此针对ADPKD的长期治疗急需更加安全有效的药物。该工作中使用的NRF2的激动剂SFN(sulforaphane)来自多种十字花科类植物,如西兰花、菜花等,这一研究提示通过调整饮食可改善肾脏功能,延缓疾病的进展,为ADPKD的治疗提供了一个全新的安全有效的长期策略,具有很好的临床转化价值。同时,生化分子机制的探讨,也极大的丰富了领域内对于NRF2这一重要的转录因子发挥作用的分子机制的认识,对于氧化应激、生物大分子相变的功能和机制以及基因表达调控等领域都有很好的参考价值。

原始出处:

Yi Lu, Yongzhan Sun, Zhiheng Liu,et al.Activation of NRF2 ameliorates oxidative stress and cystogenesis in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.Sci Transl Med. 2020 Jul 29;12(554):eaba3613. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba3613.

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    2020-12-26 bsmagic9140
  4. 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href='/topic/show?id=4478e5315e1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#稳态#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75315, encryptionId=4478e5315e1, topicName=稳态)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3ebc23344390, createdName=changfy, createdTime=Mon Dec 07 22:09:45 CST 2020, time=2020-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1392884, encodeId=18f21392884f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4d28431606e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#多囊肾#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43160, encryptionId=4d28431606e, topicName=多囊肾)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, 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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1709520, encodeId=ed3c1e09520cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6b416398956' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#氧化还原#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63989, encryptionId=6b416398956, topicName=氧化还原)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d10331728781, createdName=ms3415360956839622, createdTime=Tue Aug 18 17:09:45 CST 2020, time=2020-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2067510, encodeId=c650206e510f5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d0841e75535' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Transl#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17755, encryptionId=d0841e75535, topicName=Transl)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, 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  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1709520, encodeId=ed3c1e09520cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6b416398956' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#氧化还原#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63989, encryptionId=6b416398956, topicName=氧化还原)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d10331728781, createdName=ms3415360956839622, createdTime=Tue Aug 18 17:09:45 CST 2020, time=2020-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2067510, encodeId=c650206e510f5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d0841e75535' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Transl#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17755, encryptionId=d0841e75535, topicName=Transl)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, 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    2020-12-07 changfy
  7. 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    2020-07-31 肿肿

    机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要

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