LANCET: 我国学者发布大规模新冠后遗症研究,大多数患者出院一年后仍有后遗症

2021-08-31 “生物世界”公众号 “生物世界”公众号

疲劳与肌肉无力、睡眠障碍、脱发、嗅觉失灵、心悸、关节疼痛……

疲劳与肌肉无力、睡眠障碍、脱发、嗅觉失灵、心悸、关节疼痛……

2021年8月28日,国际顶尖医学期刊《柳叶刀》发表了一项研究,显示绝大多数新冠肺炎出院患者发病1年后仍至少存在一项上述异常症状。其中,女性疲劳或肌肉无力的比例是男性的1.43倍,焦虑或抑郁的比例是男性的2倍。

该研究题为:1-year outcomes in hospital survivors with COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study,由首都医科大学、中国医学科学院、中日友好医院、金银潭医院的研究者共同完成。据悉,这是迄今为止样本量最大的关于出院新冠幸存者1年随访的纵向队列研究。

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本次研究纳入了1276名去年从武汉金银潭医院出院的新冠肺炎患者,患者的中位年龄为59岁,男性占比53%(681名)。与急性感染后6个月相比,1年后部分后遗症随着时间的推移显着消退。

研究显示,至少还有一种后遗症症状的人群比例从6个月时的68%(831/1227)下降到12个月时的49%(620/1272)。

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其中,疲劳或肌肉无力是最常见的症状,但比例从6个月时的52%(636人)下降到12个月时的20%(255人)。研究表示,与未接受皮质类固醇治疗的人相比,在新冠肺炎急性期接受皮质类固醇治疗的人,1年后出现疲劳或肌肉无力的可能性上升1.5倍。

睡眠障碍、脱发、嗅觉失灵的比例较6个月对照组下降近一半,12个月时分别为17%(215人)、11%(135人)、4%(57人)。心悸、关节疼痛的比例则没有明显变化。

肺功能方面,6个月时有128名出院患者进行了肺部CT检查,检查结果表明,所有人都至少出现一种影像学异常。12个月后,这一比例下降至84.7%。

值得注意的是,mMRC评分≥1的呼吸困难患者比例从半年时的 26%(313/1185)略微增加到12个月时的30%(380/1271)。在长达12个月的时间里,大约 20%-30%的中度患者观察到肺弥散障碍(diffusion impairment,指O2、CO2等气体通过肺泡膜进行交换的物理弥散过程发生障碍),这一比例在危重患者中高达54%。

论文称,这是令人担忧的现象。鉴于在急性感染期间接受重症监护的患者中持续性肺弥散障碍和影像学异常的高发率,应在该人群中探索预防或改善后遗症的策略。

此外,尽管健康状况持续、严重受损的患者很少,但对于多数患者来说,1年后完全康复是不可能的,他们需要更长时间才能恢复发病前的健康状态。

女性受新冠后遗症的影响更大

为了确定新冠患者是否在12个月后完全恢复,研究还从武汉市招募了3383名未感染新冠的社区居民作为对照组。根据年龄、性别和合并症情况择出1164名与新冠出院康复者按1:1进行匹配。

该对照中,“咳嗽”被纳入相关症状。

疲劳与肌肉无力、睡眠障碍、脱发、嗅觉失灵、关节疼痛……急性感染1年后,与未感染者对比,康复者的健康状况仍然较差。至少出现一项症状的比例高达66%,是未感染者的2倍。

此外研究显示,新冠康复者生活质量的自我评估得分较低。12个月后,11%的康复者(131人)日常活动功能受到影响,29%(337人)出现疼痛等各项不适,26%(300人)存在焦虑或抑郁的情绪。而相应比例在未感染组中仅分别为6%、5%、5%。

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研究还反映了女性受新冠后遗症的影响更大,报告有疲劳或肌肉无力的女性比例是男性的1.43倍,焦虑或抑郁的比例是男性的2倍,弥散障碍的比例是男性的2.97倍。

在新冠肺炎对康复者工作的影响方面,在患病前有工作的479名患者中,有57 名(12%)未能恢复原有工作:其中32%是因为身体机能下降,25%不愿意做以前的工作,18%则是被解雇。

“长期新冠”的威胁

针对此次的研究,《柳叶刀》发表社论称,“长期新冠”(Long COVID)是现代医学的首要挑战,而这项研究增进了人们对其的理解。

“长期新冠”一词通常用于描述急性新冠肺炎感染后持续或进展的体征和症状,与感染其他病毒的不同点在于,目前不存在明确的生化或放射学特征来帮助诊断,并且可能存在几种具有不同表现、预后和结果的表型。

社论表示,随着新冠肺炎大流行的继续,持续性疲劳、呼吸困难和抑郁等症状可能影响到数百万人,但人们对这种情况知之甚少,由于没有经过验证的治疗方法与康复指导,“长期新冠”会影响人们恢复正常生活和工作的能力,同时增加医疗保健负担,加剧经济损失。

此次研究显示,1252名康复者中,仅有5人参与了专业的康复治疗。

世卫组织总干事谭德塞呼吁各国优先考虑开展对“长期新冠”的认识、康复和研究,为“长期新冠”收集数据。同时,科学界和医学界必须合作探索“长期新冠”的机制和发病机理,估算全球和区域的疾病负担,了解疫苗如何影响病情,并通过随机对照试验找到有效的治疗方法。

与此同时,卫生保健提供者必须承认并验证“长期新冠”对患者造成的影响,卫生系统需要制定个性化的、以患者为导向的目标。

原始出处:

Lixue Huang, et al. 1-year outcomes in hospital survivors with COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study. The Lancet,2021.

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    2021-12-13 ylz8403
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    2022-03-09 howi
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    2021-09-02 huirong
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    2021-08-31 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

    0

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    2021-08-31 goodbing

    顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多

    0

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