经验:成为牛人的三种文献精读思维模式

2015-10-26 佚名 网络

文献精读是科研人必不可少的功课。精读的主要目的是要把文章的内容真正消化掉,要转化为你自己可以运用的东西。精读的方式分为三种,它们包括“验证型阅读”、“挑刺型阅读”和“总结归纳型阅读”。 验证型阅读——模仿者 这时候,你的角色是一个模仿者。就是拿到一篇好文章,暂不看文字内容,先把图和表挑出来,根据图和表的内容想想你来写这篇文章,你会怎么写,包括大的结构框架、组织逻辑,以及如何引入

文献精读是科研人必不可少的功课。精读的主要目的是要把文章的内容真正消化掉,要转化为你自己可以运用的东西。精读的方式分为三种,它们包括“验证型阅读”、“挑刺型阅读”和“总结归纳型阅读”。


验证型阅读——模仿者

这时候,你的角色是一个模仿者。就是拿到一篇好文章,暂不看文字内容,先把图和表挑出来,根据图和表的内容想想你来写这篇文章,你会怎么写,包括大的结构框架、组织逻辑,以及如何引入问题,如何进行结果陈述,如何引申出结论等,然后再看作者是怎么做的,反复体会你想的和你看的有哪些不同。当你的想法和作者的雷同程度越来越高,你的水平也在不知不觉之中越来越高。

这种“图表——思索——验证”的阅读对提升思维非常有效。当你做实验后得到的就是几个表、几个图,如果有意识地经过了“验证型阅读”的训练,你就会知道该怎么从更高、更好的角度来写你的文章。同样的数据,有的人可以发10.0的文章,有的人可能只能发5.0的文章,为什么有这种差别?这种差别其实就是在平时阅读文献的过程中慢慢积累出来的。

挑刺型阅读——评论者  

这时候,你的角色相当于一个评论者了。是一种更高层次的精读方式,需要有评论的一些基础。挑刺就是找不足,能挑刺说明你不仅消化了文章的内容,而且还能比作者看得更深、更远。很多高档次杂志经常会刊出针对新文章的评论性短文,这实际上就是一种挑刺型阅读。“挑刺型阅读”可以提供新的研究思路,如果你立志于从事科学研究,撰写课题申请书是必须的能力之一。课题申请最重要的就是有新的idea,“挑刺型阅读”可以为你今后从事科学研究的选题提供良好的训练。

归纳总结型阅读——专家型 

这时候,你的角色则是一个高屋建瓴的专家了,是一种宏观视野下阅读,是对多个“单”研究的归纳性思考,是对本领域的研究现状和发展趋势的总结和把握。每个人都可以总结,但要真正总结到位并对发展趋势进行合理、准确的预测却需要很强的能力,一般初涉研究的硕士很难达到这一水平,“大牛”才能很好地做到这一点,不是大牛,不是专家也没关系啦,因为大牛不是天生的,也是从研究生开始慢慢修炼出来的,你可以尝试性按照这种思维去做,量变到质变,说不定哪一天你成大牛了。

这三种精读的思维模式,也反映了我们文献阅读的三种境界,某一天,你对归纳总结型阅读已经游刃有余了,那么恭喜你,你成为“大牛”了。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41439, encodeId=5a0f4143966, content=牛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3b2c1627329, createdName=owlhealth, createdTime=Tue Oct 27 07:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41367, encodeId=c48f4136e58, content=牛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0ba41656652, createdName=slicer, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 17:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41345, encodeId=85fe413451a, content=牛人牛叉!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xSHQO6hUsLfmSqiaQiceT0D77ib0rXiblAIwyTo0iciakSAGHE0nfEpNHl9icHMY6tKTW3kFdWSwKcWGvneZHicqoJsI5V/0, createdBy=2a221626427, createdName=王新春, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 14:28:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41340, encodeId=c04a41340ff, content=好,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJXCR8W80NNgQuicJU3aIm3JtiaNAFLYSMlBuVfGkSlw5Z5VpmZK4PyiaDURLAorhvwhWVnaM1gQdJXA/132, createdBy=a01444383, createdName=lixh1719, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 14:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-27 owlhealth

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41439, encodeId=5a0f4143966, content=牛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3b2c1627329, createdName=owlhealth, createdTime=Tue Oct 27 07:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41367, encodeId=c48f4136e58, content=牛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0ba41656652, createdName=slicer, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 17:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41345, encodeId=85fe413451a, content=牛人牛叉!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xSHQO6hUsLfmSqiaQiceT0D77ib0rXiblAIwyTo0iciakSAGHE0nfEpNHl9icHMY6tKTW3kFdWSwKcWGvneZHicqoJsI5V/0, createdBy=2a221626427, createdName=王新春, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 14:28:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41340, encodeId=c04a41340ff, content=好,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJXCR8W80NNgQuicJU3aIm3JtiaNAFLYSMlBuVfGkSlw5Z5VpmZK4PyiaDURLAorhvwhWVnaM1gQdJXA/132, createdBy=a01444383, createdName=lixh1719, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 14:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-26 slicer

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41439, encodeId=5a0f4143966, content=牛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3b2c1627329, createdName=owlhealth, createdTime=Tue Oct 27 07:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41367, encodeId=c48f4136e58, content=牛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0ba41656652, createdName=slicer, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 17:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41345, encodeId=85fe413451a, content=牛人牛叉!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xSHQO6hUsLfmSqiaQiceT0D77ib0rXiblAIwyTo0iciakSAGHE0nfEpNHl9icHMY6tKTW3kFdWSwKcWGvneZHicqoJsI5V/0, createdBy=2a221626427, createdName=王新春, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 14:28:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41340, encodeId=c04a41340ff, content=好,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJXCR8W80NNgQuicJU3aIm3JtiaNAFLYSMlBuVfGkSlw5Z5VpmZK4PyiaDURLAorhvwhWVnaM1gQdJXA/132, createdBy=a01444383, createdName=lixh1719, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 14:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-26 王新春

    牛人牛叉!

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41439, encodeId=5a0f4143966, content=牛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3b2c1627329, createdName=owlhealth, createdTime=Tue Oct 27 07:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41367, encodeId=c48f4136e58, content=牛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0ba41656652, createdName=slicer, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 17:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41345, encodeId=85fe413451a, content=牛人牛叉!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=97, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xSHQO6hUsLfmSqiaQiceT0D77ib0rXiblAIwyTo0iciakSAGHE0nfEpNHl9icHMY6tKTW3kFdWSwKcWGvneZHicqoJsI5V/0, createdBy=2a221626427, createdName=王新春, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 14:28:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41340, encodeId=c04a41340ff, content=好,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJXCR8W80NNgQuicJU3aIm3JtiaNAFLYSMlBuVfGkSlw5Z5VpmZK4PyiaDURLAorhvwhWVnaM1gQdJXA/132, createdBy=a01444383, createdName=lixh1719, createdTime=Mon Oct 26 14:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-26 lixh1719

    好,学习了

    0

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