WHO/ECDC2021年欧洲结核病全新数据报告:终结结核病是对时间和耐药性的竞赛

2021-03-23 Sunny MedSci原创

根据WHO/欧洲疾病预防控制中心(ECDC)最新报告《2021年欧洲结核病监测和监控》(2019年数据),WHO欧洲地区整体结核病(TB)负担正在下降,2015-2019年整体下降19%。

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根据WHO/欧洲疾病预防控制中心(ECDC)最新报告《2021年欧洲结核病监测和监控》(2019年数据),WHO欧洲地区整体结核病(TB)负担正在下降,2015-2019年整体下降19%。

区域结核病死亡率有所下降,2018年至2019年期间下降了9.4%。这明显高于全球结核病死亡率的平均下降幅度(3.7%),足以达到2020年比2015年下降35%的终结结核病战略里程碑。

然而,结核病是仅次于COVID-19的致死性传染病,耐药性是一个主要问题。也有令人担忧的迹象表明,COVID-19的大流行可能会使结核病防治工作的进展停滞不前或造成重大挫折。

结核病负担不均

2019年,世卫组织欧洲地区估计有2万例结核病死亡病例--相当于每10万人中有2.2例死亡,欧盟/欧洲经济区(EU/EEA)约有3560例结核病死亡病例,相当于每10万人中有0.7例死亡。2019年,在整个欧洲地区,新诊断结核病患者约21.6万例,相当于每10万人中有23.2例。

欧盟/欧洲经济区的29个国家共报告了47 504例结核病病例,相当于每10万例中有9.2例。在整个欧盟/欧洲经济区,大多数国家的结核病发病率继续下降;但是,欧盟/欧洲经济区作为一个整体,目前还没有达到2030年消灭结核病的目标。

欧盟/欧洲经济区的29个国家报告了47504例TB病例,相当于每10万例中有9.2例。但是,整个欧盟/欧洲经济区目前尚无法实现到2030年终结结核病的目标。https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/tuberculosis-surveillance-and-monitoring-europe-2021-2019-data

结核病在欧洲地区的分布不均。约83%的估计病例发生在18个国家,这些国家的发病率是欧盟/欧洲经济区平均水平的5倍。18个高度优先国家中,有5个在欧盟/欧洲经济区,13个在东欧和中亚。

COVID-19对结核病的影响

结核病负担的减轻,使欧洲地区有望实现2020年 "终结结核病战略 "的里程碑和区域行动计划中降低结核病发病率的目标。然而,人们严重关切的是,COVID-19大流行病可能会危及最近的进展。

在高负担国家,已经在结核病服务的提供和通报中观察到了负面影响,这被认为是表明接受检测的人数减少了,这意味着未确诊的结核病患者没有得到所需的治疗,并有感染他人的风险。

正在进行的关于COVID-19对欧洲地区结核病服务和传播影响的评估结果将于2021年春季完成。

治疗结果仍不理想

尽管普及了有质量保障的抗结核药物,但欧洲地区的治疗效果仍不理想。2019年只有77%的患者成功完成治疗,远低于全球85%的比例。欧盟/欧洲经济区的治疗成功率更低,2018年通报的所有结核病病例中,仅有64%被报告为成功完成治疗。

对常用治疗方案无反应的结核菌株被称为耐多药结核病(MDR-TB)或广泛耐药结核病(XDR-TB)。在2017年欧洲通报的MDR-TB病例中,仅有59%得到成功治疗,远未达到75%的目标。而2016年的XDR-TB病例,治疗成功率仅为43%。

2019年欧盟/欧洲经济区的多药耐药性(MDR)结核病https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/tuberculosis-surveillance-and-monitoring-europe-2021-2019-data

在全区范围内,MDR-TB的治疗效果仍不理想。治疗不成功是推动耐药性的因素之一,通常是由于耐药结核病治疗方案中缺乏有效的结核病药物以及对治疗的依从性低。

总的来说,在欧洲,每三个肺结核病人中就有一个是耐药的。在整个地区,四分之一的耐药结核病患者患有XDR-TB,世界上70%的XDR-TB患者生活在欧洲地区。

新通报的结核病患者中,使用世卫组织推荐的快速诊断检测的比例从2015年的45%上升到2019年的69%,但仍低于全球终结结核病战略90%的目标。快速诊断测试可以更快地进行诊断,从而最大限度地减少痛苦、继续传播和死亡。

艾滋病病毒感染者特别容易感染结核病,而且合并感染很常见。在欧洲地区,只有52%的合并感染患者成功完成结核病治疗,远远低于全球76%的比例。这意味着,在欧洲地区,合并感染者成功治疗并完全康复的概率较低。

结核病是卫生议程的中心

欧洲卫生和食品安全专员Stella Kyriakides表示: "近年来结核病的减少是一个积极的消息。但结核病仍然是对欧盟一些地区的威胁,并继续影响我们社会中最脆弱的群体。我们知道,仍有更多的工作要做。欧盟委员会与我们的机构一起,致力于发挥自己的作用,通过部分资金、研究和抗击抗菌素耐药性来消除结核病。预防、早期诊断和获得治疗和护理也将在这方面发挥关键作用"。

ECDC主任Andrea Ammon博士评论道。"在欧盟/欧洲经济区,2019年总体结核病通报率继续下降,凸显了在实现联合国可持续发展目标(SDGs)方面取得的一些进展。然而,尽管取得了这一进展,但欧盟/EEA目前还没有达到2030年结束结核病流行的目标。此外,在所有队列中,欧盟/EEA的治疗成功率仍远低于WHO的目标。COVID-19大流行对结核病服务的大范围干扰将使各成员国更难实现可持续发展目标和治疗目标,但现在是各国加快消除结核病进展的时候了"。

"COVID-19如何将注意力和资源从结核病服务中吸引出来,令人十分担忧。我毫不怀疑,我们会控制住COVID-19。但代价是永远不能失去在其他健康威胁方面来之不易的进展,比如结核病。今天,耐药结核病变得更加耐药的风险是真实存在的,这不是我们想要承担的风险。人们需要认识到这一点,了解所需行动的紧迫性,同时也要知道我们已经有了新的机会和工具。努力消除结核病是世卫组织欧洲工作计划的重要组成部分,作为医生,我自己也曾治疗过结核病患者,这是我非常关心的事情。近年来取得了巨大的进展,但挑战依然存在。因此,我对本地区各国为战胜结核病所做的巨大努力表示赞赏,结核病是一种可怕的但可以治愈的疾病,它给人们带来了巨大的痛苦。"世卫组织欧洲地区主任Hans Henri P. Kluge博士说。

原始出处:

https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/tuberculosis-surveillance-and-monitoring-europe-2021-2019-data

 

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    2021-03-29 ms7000000872020788

    耐药结核病有啥好法没

    0

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    2021-03-24 zhangxiang

    学习了

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=952184, encodeId=203f952184fd, content=耐药结核病有啥好法没, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b26d5474653, createdName=ms7000000872020788, createdTime=Mon Mar 29 23:10:13 CST 2021, time=2021-03-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1254391, encodeId=a19e1254391b6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f30ae86297d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#结核#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=17, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78629, encryptionId=f30ae86297d, topicName=结核)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=huhuaidong387, createdTime=Thu Mar 25 05:15:04 CST 2021, time=2021-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1339387, encodeId=8186133938e4a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=447663054f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#欧洲#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63054, encryptionId=447663054f5, topicName=欧洲)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEKxsKDoOOFxGpMibw6lsQFUIicWt7kWGevkdgFhjiban1icD2JdIBmjVo7qX7aSlCSpiaia382nuLKiaI3Cg/132, createdBy=5c442500150, createdName=ms9474365431325850, createdTime=Thu Mar 25 05:15:04 CST 2021, time=2021-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=950655, encodeId=40ed9506556b, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201117/a59b28b63198490ea85b1e5b3d13c2bf/1b1e0d03ca22467d8120443ebbc24c04.jpg, createdBy=35d22207591, createdName=zhangxiang, createdTime=Wed Mar 24 09:56:43 CST 2021, time=2021-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=950653, encodeId=2caf950653cb, content=学习了,点赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201117/a59b28b63198490ea85b1e5b3d13c2bf/1b1e0d03ca22467d8120443ebbc24c04.jpg, createdBy=35d22207591, createdName=zhangxiang, createdTime=Wed Mar 24 09:55:44 CST 2021, time=2021-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-03-24 zhangxiang

    学习了,点赞

    0