EGFR-TKIs药物相关口腔炎病例报告

2020-06-13 刘婷 黄帆 王文梅 临床口腔医学杂志

表皮细胞生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(epithelial growth factor receptor tyrosine-kinase inhibitors,EGFR-TKIs)是非小细胞肺癌的一线

表皮细胞生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(epithelial growth factor receptor tyrosine-kinase inhibitors,EGFR-TKIs)是非小细胞肺癌的一线治疗药物,大量研究表明EGFR-TKIs还可用于存在EGFR突变的乳腺癌胰腺癌、头颈部鳞癌等的治疗,延长患者的无进展生存期。然而,EGFR-TKIs药物的服用会导致一些副作用,如皮疹、腹泻、口腔炎、肝功能异常、厌食、疲劳等。其中口腔炎是发生率仅次于皮疹、腹泻的常见并发症,炎症不仅会波及黏膜,还会累及牙龈,严重影响患者的饮食和生活,常常会导致EGFR-TKIs治疗的中止。

目前,国外学者已经意识到EGFR-TKIs相关口腔炎的严重性,2015年英国制定了EGFR-TKIs不良反应的专家共识指南,其中就包括了相关口腔炎的预防和治疗措施。然而,国内EGFR-TKIs相关口腔炎的临床病例尚无报道。本文报道了3例EGFR-TKIs相关口腔炎患者的临床表现及治疗方法。

病例1:患者,男,56岁,主诉“口腔黏膜溃疡1月余”。于2017年4月出现咳嗽症状,2017年6月确断为左下肺IIIB期非小细胞肺癌,表皮生长因子受体(epithelial growth factor receptor,EGFR)基因19密码子缺失。2017年10月行阿法替尼药物治疗(1片/d)22d,服药第10d出现口腔黏膜溃疡,随后相继出现皮肤溃疡及声音嘶哑,口腔黏膜溃疡加重,患者疼痛加剧、严重影响进食;肿瘤专科医生给予停用阿法替尼,口腔溃疡略好转,但仍严重影响进食,前往口腔黏膜病科诊治。

即往史:否认其他系统病史。吸烟史:20余年,10支/d,自2017年4月戒烟至今。饮酒史:30余年,约100mL/d,自2017年6月戒酒至今。

检查:下唇内侧黏膜可见0.5 cm×1 cm大小椭圆形溃疡面,舌腹部多发广泛性溃疡,表覆假膜,软腭及咽部散在溃疡,约0.5~0.8 cm大小,口腔卫生欠佳,牙石I~II度(图1A),16残冠,26缺失,25-27可摘局部义齿修复。左肩部皮肤水疱,2 cm×5 cm浅表溃疡及疱壁。辅助检查:真菌涂片及培养检查(-)。血常规:白细胞4.0×109/L,中性粒细胞1.18×109/L,血红蛋白95.0g/L,红细胞3.6×1012/L。生化检查:葡萄糖6.34mmol/L,肝肾功能未见明显异常。


图1A 病例1口腔溃疡;

诊断:阿法替尼相关口腔溃疡。治疗:给予复方氯己定漱口水含漱(10mL×3次/d,饭后漱口),曲安奈德口腔软膏(挤出约1 cm长度药膏涂抹在病损表面使之形成薄膜,3次/d,饭后局部涂抹),口炎清颗粒(6g×2次/d,口服)。口腔卫生宣教,指导日常口腔护理,建议患者进食软、无刺激食物;前往皮肤专科医院治疗皮肤病损,内分泌科控制糖尿病。治疗1周后复诊,口腔黏膜溃疡范围及疼痛症状明显好转,停用复方氯己定漱口水,改用4%碳酸氢钠溶液漱口;2周后复查,舌尖及下唇部溃疡愈合,舌腹部溃疡面积缩小,停用曲安奈德口腔软膏及口炎清颗粒,改用庆大霉素药膜;1个月后复查,舌腹部溃疡愈合,周围黏膜轻度充血;皮肤病损范围缩小,疼痛症状明显好转;患者恢复阿法替尼用药。

病例2:患者,女,75岁,主诉为“牙龈出血2月”。2017年12月开始出现头痛、咳嗽症状,确诊为IV期非小细胞肺癌伴脑转移,EGFR基因突变L858R。2017年12月服用吉非替尼(1片/d)治疗,服药第14d出现牙龈疱性病损,易破溃,破溃后出现严重牙龈出血症状,随后出现甲沟炎,伴全身瘙痒(主要集中于前胸、腹部、小腿)。1月前因牙龈出血加重,就诊于当地口腔医院,给予西帕依固龈液漱口治疗后未好转,前往我院诊治。未停用吉非替尼用药。

即往史:高血压病史5~6年,服药控制(波依定,1片/d),服药前肝肾功能未见异常。无吸烟史、无饮酒史。检查:33-43牙龈缘及龈乳头色暗红、充血糜烂,表皮剥脱,用力拭诊可见剥脱面,露出糜烂及出血区,尼氏征阴性。口腔卫生欠佳,可探及大量龈上、龈下牙石,菌斑指数(plaque index,PLI)=3~4,13-23结石I度,33-43结石II度,探探诊出血指数(bleeding Index,BI)=4。31、41松动1度,31、41间牙间隙增宽,31、41唇侧牙龈退缩达根中1/3,牙根外露,根面探及大量牙石(图1B),牙周袋深度约4mm。15残冠,15牙合面可见补物,腭侧缺损达龈下。35、36缺失,34-37可摘局部义齿修复,46颊牙合面树脂补物。


图1B 病例2牙龈炎;

辅助检查:真菌涂片及培养检查(-)。血常规:白细胞5.28×109/L,中性粒细胞3.34×109/L,血红蛋白111g/L,红细胞3.74×1012/L。生化检查:天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶40.3U/L,碱性磷酸酶147U/L。诊断:吉非替尼相关口腔炎。治疗:超声龈上洁治术后盐酸米诺环素局部上药,饭后复方氯己定漱口水含漱(10mL×3次/d,饭后漱口),口腔卫生宣教,指导日常口腔护理。建议忌食辛辣、刺激食物,前往相关专科医院治疗甲沟炎及皮肤病损。治疗1周后复查,牙龈色暗红,质地松软,BI=3,检查患者菌斑控制情况PLI=2,强化口腔卫生宣教,指导正常刷牙方法及牙线的使用,停用复方氯己定漱口水,改用4%碳酸氢钠溶液漱口;2周后复查,BI=2,PLI=1;1个月后复查,患者自述牙龈出血症状明显好转,BI=1,口腔黏膜未见明显异常。

病例3:患者,男,60岁,主诉为“口腔黏膜溃疡3d”。患者于因干咳1月余于2017年6月就诊外院,诊断为左肺下叶IV期非小细胞肺癌,EGFR基因突变L858R,2018年4月行阿法替尼(1片/d)治疗,用药第5d出现口腔溃疡,随后出现皮疹、腹泻症状,由于口腔溃疡疼痛剧烈、影响进食,肿瘤专科医生建议患者前往口腔医院诊治。未停用阿法替尼用药。

即往史:否认其他系统病史。吸烟史:30余年,10支/d,自2017年6月戒烟至今。无饮酒史。检查:左硬腭后份1 cm×0.7 cm口腔溃疡,表覆白色假膜,周围黏膜轻度充血,双舌根充血,左舌根黏膜见0.2 cm×0.2 cm大小圆形溃疡,周围黏膜充血红肿,舌苔偏厚,口腔卫生欠佳,牙石I~II度,13-23、33-43切缘中度磨耗,15残冠。额部、鼻部、颏部及口唇周围皮肤可见大量皮疹,皮疹高于皮肤表面,色红,疹间皮肤正常(图1C)。辅助检查:真菌涂片及培养检查(-)。


图1C 病例3口腔溃疡

血常规:白细胞6.76×109/L,中性粒细胞4.01×109/L,血红蛋白111g/L,红细胞4.62×1012/L。肝肾功能未见明显异常。诊断:阿法替尼相关口腔黏膜炎。治疗:给予复方氯己定漱口水含漱(10mL×3次/d,饭后漱口),曲安奈德口腔软膏(挤出约1 cm长度药膏涂抹在病损表面使之形成薄膜,3次/d,饭后局部涂抹),口炎清颗粒(6g×2次/d,口服)。口腔卫生宣教,指导日常口腔护理。建议进食软、无刺激食物;前往皮肤专科医院治疗皮疹病损。治疗1周后复查,口腔黏膜溃疡范围及疼痛症状明显好转,停用复方氯己定漱口水,改用4%碳酸氢钠溶液漱口;2周后复查,腭部病损及左舌根溃疡愈合,停用曲安奈德口腔软膏及口炎清颗粒。1月后复查,患者无新发溃疡。3例患者病变表现为口腔黏膜溃疡者2例,牙龈出血加重者1例,均伴发有全身不良反应,患者特征及病损情况见表1。

表1 患者特征及病损情况


原始出处:

刘婷,黄帆,王文梅.EGFR-TKIs药物相关口腔炎病例报告及相关文献复习[J].临床口腔医学杂志,2019,35(07):434-438.

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    2020-10-11 hbwxf
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    2021-04-02 yhj-time
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1940478, encodeId=1f4019404e870, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ed165e3b6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EGFR-TKIs#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6573, encryptionId=7ed165e3b6, topicName=EGFR-TKIs)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=55ce62, createdName=hbwxf, createdTime=Sun Oct 11 05:54:13 CST 2020, time=2020-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1795741, encodeId=a4201e9574117, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2f311e504f6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TKIs#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17504, encryptionId=2f311e504f6, topicName=TKIs)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=37d0457, createdName=yhj-time, createdTime=Fri Apr 02 07:54:13 CST 2021, time=2021-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1377042, encodeId=548813e704203, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8ff8e0777c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病例报告#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70777, encryptionId=8ff8e0777c5, topicName=病例报告)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8143398, createdName=lily1616, createdTime=Mon Jun 15 03:54:13 CST 2020, time=2020-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1383086, encodeId=5daa138308669, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0c8265e2b3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EGFR-TKI#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6572, encryptionId=0c8265e2b3, topicName=EGFR-TKI)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6732482, createdName=w984445tii, createdTime=Mon Jun 15 03:54:13 CST 2020, time=2020-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1384223, encodeId=0485138422366, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=14bb1e503a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TKI#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17503, encryptionId=14bb1e503a0, topicName=TKI)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b73f484, createdName=lsj628, createdTime=Mon Jun 15 03:54:13 CST 2020, time=2020-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1534511, encodeId=2111153451140, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=22b3e9887e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GFR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7988, encryptionId=22b3e9887e, topicName=GFR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=医者仁心, createdTime=Mon Jun 15 03:54:13 CST 2020, time=2020-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1940478, encodeId=1f4019404e870, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ed165e3b6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EGFR-TKIs#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6573, encryptionId=7ed165e3b6, topicName=EGFR-TKIs)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=55ce62, createdName=hbwxf, createdTime=Sun Oct 11 05:54:13 CST 2020, time=2020-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1795741, encodeId=a4201e9574117, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2f311e504f6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TKIs#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17504, encryptionId=2f311e504f6, topicName=TKIs)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=37d0457, createdName=yhj-time, createdTime=Fri Apr 02 07:54:13 CST 2021, time=2021-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1377042, encodeId=548813e704203, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8ff8e0777c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病例报告#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70777, encryptionId=8ff8e0777c5, topicName=病例报告)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8143398, createdName=lily1616, createdTime=Mon Jun 15 03:54:13 CST 2020, time=2020-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1383086, encodeId=5daa138308669, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0c8265e2b3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EGFR-TKI#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6572, encryptionId=0c8265e2b3, topicName=EGFR-TKI)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6732482, createdName=w984445tii, createdTime=Mon Jun 15 03:54:13 CST 2020, time=2020-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1384223, encodeId=0485138422366, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=14bb1e503a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TKI#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17503, encryptionId=14bb1e503a0, topicName=TKI)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b73f484, createdName=lsj628, createdTime=Mon Jun 15 03:54:13 CST 2020, time=2020-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1534511, encodeId=2111153451140, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=22b3e9887e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GFR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7988, encryptionId=22b3e9887e, topicName=GFR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=医者仁心, createdTime=Mon Jun 15 03:54:13 CST 2020, time=2020-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2020-06-15 lsj628
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    2020-06-15 医者仁心

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