Lancet:全球200个国家地区近30年来高血压患病率、治疗和控制的变化情况

2021-08-25 Nebula MedSci原创

从1990 年至 2019 年 30-79 岁人群中高血压患者人数翻了一倍多!

高血压以及高血压前期和其他危险型高血压导致全球 8.50 万人死于中风、缺血性心脏病、其他血管疾病和肾脏疾病。在基层医院甚至是居家自测都可检测高血压,而且低成本治疗就有效控制高血压。

近日发表在国际顶级期刊柳叶刀上的一项研究,调研了全球 200 个国家和地区于1990 年至 2019 年期间的高血压患病率及其检测、治疗和控制情况

采用了 1990 年至 2019 年期间具有血压测量和治疗数据的代表性研究的 30-79 岁人群的数据。高血压定义:收缩压≥140 mmHg 和/或 舒张压≥ 90 mmHg,或服用高血压药物。采用贝叶斯分层模型评估高血压的患病率、既往确诊过的高血压患者比例(检出组)、服用高血压药物治疗的患者比例(治疗组)和血压控制在140/90 mmHg 以下的患者比例(对照组)。

2019年全球男性高血压的患病率

从1990 年至 2019 年 30-79 岁人群中高血压患者发生了翻倍女性患者 3.31→6.25 亿例;男性患者 3.17→6.52 亿例。2019年,加拿大和秘鲁的年龄标准化高血压发病率最低(男性和女性都是),此外,韩国、日本和西欧的部分国家(包括瑞士、西班牙和英国)的女性,以及几个中低收入国家(如厄立特里亚、孟加拉国、埃塞俄比亚和所罗门群岛)的男性的年龄标准化高血压发病率也较低。在中欧和东欧、中亚、大洋洲和拉丁美洲的两个国家的女性和9个国家的男性的高血压患病率超过 50%!

2019年全球女性高血压的治疗率

在全球范围内,2019 年有 59%的女性和 49%的男性患者既往已经确诊高血压;47%的女性和 38%的男性患者进行过抗高血压治疗。

2019年全球女性高血压的控制率

2019 年,女性患者和男性患者的高血压控制率分别是23%和18%。高血压治疗和控制率最高的国家有韩国、加拿大和冰岛(治疗率 > 70%, 控制率 > 50%),其次是美国、哥斯达黎加、德国、葡萄牙和台湾。女性患者治疗率<25%、男性患者治疗率<20%的国家有尼泊尔、印度尼西亚以及撒哈拉以南非洲和大洋洲的一些国家。北非、中亚和南亚以及东欧的部分国家的高血压控制率<10%。

自 1990 年以来,大多数国家的高血压治疗和控制率都有所提高,但撒哈拉以南非洲和大洋洲的大多数国家几乎没有变化。高收入国家、中欧以及一些中上收入国家和新增的高收入国家(包括哥斯达黎加、哈萨克斯坦、南非、巴西、智利、土耳其和伊朗)的改善幅度最大。

综上,在不同国家之间,高血压检测、治疗和控制的改善差异很大,一些中等收入国家现在的表现优于大多数高收入国家。通过初级预防降低高血压患病率和加强其治疗和控制的双重方法,不仅在高收入国家而且在中低收入国家都可以实现。

原始出处:

NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants. The Lancet. August 24, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01330-1

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    2022-01-17 howi
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    2021-08-26 未来将来

    高血压知晓率的重要性

    0

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    2021-08-25 goodbing

    顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多

    0

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    2021-08-25 124a83fem50暂无昵称

    学习了

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