J Alzheimers Dis:为什么“男人来自火星,女人来自金星”?

2017-08-10 佚名 生物谷

为什么“男人来自火星,女人来自金星”?一项迄今为止规模最大的功能性脑成像研究显示,男性和女性大脑之间有很大的差异。女性与注意力和冲动控制,以及与情绪和焦虑有关的大脑区域比男性活跃得多。

日前,在一项大型的功能性脑部成像研究中,来自美国Amen诊所的研究人员通过对9家诊所提供的46034名个体的大脑SPECT成像研究数据进行分析,定量化地揭示了男性和女性大脑中的差异,SPECT名为单光子发射计算机断层扫描术(single photon emission computed tomography)。相关研究刊登于国际杂志Journal of Alzheimer's Disease上。


图片来源:Journal of Alzheimer's Disease

研究者Daniel G. Amen医学博士指出,这项研究对于我们理解基于性别的大脑差异非常关键,我们在男性和女性大脑中所鉴别出的可量化差异对于理解基于性别的大脑疾病发病风险至关重要,比如阿尔兹海默病;利用诸如SPECT等功能性的功能性的神经成像工具,我们就能够在未来开发出精准化的大脑疾病疗法。

在很多大脑领域的研究中,研究者都发现,女性的大脑要比男性大脑更为活跃,尤其是额叶前皮质区域和大脑的边缘或情感区域,前者区域主要负责个体的注意力和对冲动的控制,后者则主要和机体情绪和焦虑有关。男性大脑中视觉和协调中心区域的活性较强,SPECT技术能够测定大脑中血液灌注,获得个体在静息状态或完成多项认知训练任务时的大脑图像或能帮助阐明特定大脑区域的不同血流程度。

这项研究中,参与者包括119名健康志愿者和26,683名患多种精神性疾病的患者(比如脑外伤、双相障碍、情绪障碍等),研究人员在基线水平下及参与者进行专注性任务时分别对其大脑区域的活性进行分析,共对128个大脑区域完成了相关分析。理解相关的差异非常重要,因为大脑障碍对男性和女性的影响并不相同,女性患阿尔兹海默病的风险更高,抑郁症是阿尔兹海默病和焦虑症的主要风险因子,而男性则患注意力不集中症(ADHD)的风险较高。

研究者George Perry表示,精确阐明大脑功能性别差异的生理性和结构基础或能帮助我们有效理解阿尔兹海默病的发病机制以及理解男性和女性在患该病上的差异;相比男性而言,女性大脑中前额叶皮层的血流量会增加,这或许能够解释为何女性在同理心、直觉、协作、自控等方面的区域更易于表现出优势。本文研究还发现,女性大脑中边缘区域的血流量也会增加,这或许能够部分解释为何女性更容易受到多种疾病的影响,包括焦虑症、抑郁症、失眠症及进食障碍。

原始出处:

Amen Daniel G,Trujillo Manuel,Keator Davidc, et al. Gender-Based Cerebral Perfusion Differences in 46,034 Functional Neuroimaging Scans. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease (2017). DOI: 10.3233/JAD-170432

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    2018-06-25 anminleiryan
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