Osilodrostat:歪打正着的治疗库欣综合征的创新药物

2020-04-04 MedSci MedSci原创

3月7日,FDA批准诺华的Isturisa(osilodrostat)上市,用于治疗库欣综合征。这是FDA批准的首个口服11‐β‐羟化酶抑制剂。商品名:Isturisa,患者无论是否接受受过

3月7日,FDA批准诺华的Isturisa(osilodrostat)上市,用于治疗库欣综合征。这是FDA批准的首个口服11‐β‐羟化酶抑制剂。商品名:Isturisa,患者无论是否接受受过垂体切除手术治疗,都可应用Osilodrostat作为治疗药物。Osilodrostat是FDA批准的首个11-β羟化酶抑制,可直接阻断肾上腺皮质醇合成。

库欣综合征,又称皮质醇增多症,是一种由于多种原因引起的肾上腺皮质长期分泌过多糖皮质激素所产生的临床症候群。库欣综合征是一种罕见疾病(发病率为1~2/100万),患者通常表现为满月脸、多血质外貌、向心性肥胖、痤疮、紫纹、高血压、继发性糖尿病和骨质疏松等。该类疾病高发年龄为20~50岁,女性发病率为男性的3倍。
 
Isturisa是一种皮质醇合成抑制剂,可抑制11-β羟化酶的产生而起到治疗作用,11-β羟化酶是负责肾上腺皮质醇合成最终步骤的酶。研究结果表明,Isturisa可使库欣综合征患者皮质水平正常化,并改善其他临床特征。

临床三期LINC3研究中,入组137人,均为成年人(约四分之三的女性),平均年龄41岁,评估了该药治疗成人库欣综合征的安全性和有效性。入组患者为未接受过垂体切除手术,或接受过垂体切除手术但未治愈或者。在24周,单臂,开放标签的试验周期内,所有患者初始剂量为每天两次每次2毫克(mg),之后每两周增加一次,最终达到每天两次每次30毫克。在24周结束时,大约一半的病人皮质醇水平在正常范围内。之后,71名患者在持续12周内不需要进一步增加剂量并耐受该药物,这些患者进入一项为期8周的双盲随机停药研究,他们接受后续osilodrostat治疗,或安慰剂治疗。在停药期结束时, osilodrostat组患者中86%皮质醇水平保持在正常范围内,而安慰剂组患者的皮质醇水平为29%。安全性方面,常见的不良反应为肾上腺功能不全、疲劳、恶心、头痛和水肿。

临床试验中最常见的副作用是肾上腺功能不全、头痛、呕吐、恶心、疲劳和水肿(液体潴留引起的肿胀)。低皮质醇(低皮质醇水平)、QTc延长(一种心律状态)和肾上腺激素前体(转化为激素的非活性物质)和雄激素(调节男性特征的激素)升高也可能发生。

库欣综合征,又称皮质醇增多症(hypercortisolism),是由于多种原因引起的肾上腺皮质长期分泌过多糖皮质激素所产生的临床症候群,也称为内源性库欣综合征。高发年龄在20~40岁,男女发病率之比约为1:3。按其病因可分为促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)依赖型和非依赖型两种。主要表现为满月脸、多血质外貌、向心性肥胖、痤疮、紫纹、高血压、继发性糖尿病和骨质疏松等。此外,长期应用大剂量糖皮质激素或长期酗酒也可引起类似库欣综合征的临床表现,称为外源性、药源性或类库欣综合征。

库欣综合征的年发病率为百万分之0.7~2.4,属于罕见病范畴,Osilodrostat在美国及欧盟都获得孤儿药地位。

在Osilodrostat批准上市前,库欣综合征治疗的首选方案为经蝶窦手术切除垂体,可选择辅助药物治疗包括:pasireotide (生长抑素类似物), 卡麦角林(多巴胺受体激动剂), 美替拉酮和酮康唑(肾上腺类固醇生成抑制剂), 密妥坦(抗肾上腺素剂) 及米非司酮(糖皮质激素受体激动剂)。

有趣的是,Osilodrostat最初是诺华在2008年作为原发性高血压药物来开发的,而且效果不错,进入了临床2期,但后来就没有了下文,自2014年开始库欣综合征适应症的临床实验,历经6载,作为首个库欣综合征一线用药上市,在当初看来应属意外之喜。这在药物开发中并不少见,较为知名的是西地那非,最初也是作为心血管治疗药开发,后以治疗勃起障碍而名震天下,又发现对肺动脉高压有效。

Osilodrostat的结构如下:

其化学结构较为简单,化合物专利在国内并未获授权,但库欣综合征的用途专利已获授权,专利到期日为2031年1月31日。

2019年7月,诺华宣布将Osilodrostat和Signifor (帕瑞肽, pasireotide diaspartate)的全球商业权利以3.9亿美元打包卖给意大利跨国药企Recordati。

帕瑞肽2018年的全球销售额为7200万美元,而Osilodrostat作为一线用药超越帕瑞肽似乎并不困难。

另外,今年1月份Osilodrostat已在欧盟获批上市,Osilodrostat在交易短短半年时间后,于欧盟和美国两大医药市场齐齐上市,Recordati可谓收获满满。Osilodrostat在经历第一个适应症开发搁浅,上市前被诺华甩卖后,也终于迎来了一展所长的机会。

参考文献:

1.https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-treatment-adults-cushings-disease

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    2021-11-04 cheng166

    歪打正着

    0

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    2020-04-06 lsndxfj
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Cushing综合征是肾上腺皮质分泌过量的糖皮质激素(主要是皮质醇)所致。主要临床表现为满月脸、多血质、向心性肥胖、皮肤紫纹、痤疮、高血压和骨质疏松等。活跃库欣综合征(CS)患者经历内皮功能障碍和过早动脉粥样硬化;不过长期缓解后血管健康能恢复到什么程度是不清楚的,而这一方面又于未来心血管疾病的发展密切相关。因此研究者对没有合并症或适当治疗合并症的患者进行了横断面病例对照研究,调查CS长期缓解后,微

盘点:库欣综合征,你必须知道的研究进展

库欣综合征又称皮质醇增多症或柯兴综合征。库欣综合征是由于高水平的激素皮质醇引起的。该综合征的长期并发症包括肥胖,糖尿病,骨折,高血压,肾结石和严重感染。库欣综合征可通过肾上腺肿瘤或身体其他部位产生过量皮质醇引起的。它也可能是由于刺激肾上腺产生高皮质醇水平的垂体肿瘤引起的。治疗通常包括通过切除肿瘤停止产生过量的皮质醇。1912年,由HarveyCushing首先报道。本征是由多种病因引起的以高皮

Lancet Diabetes Endo:左旋酮康唑治疗库欣综合征

研究认为,每日两次口服左旋酮康唑治疗可持续改善尿游离皮质醇,可作为库欣综合征的一种有效的治疗方法

JCEM:库欣综合征患者的海马体积、认知功能、抑郁、焦虑和生活质量分析

由此可见,目前的研究并未提示CS患者的海马体积减少。然而,大多数患者认知领域受到显著影响,并且对手术反应良好。CS患者出现抑郁症状和HRQoL降低,术后有所改善。

当库欣综合征遇上妊娠

28岁女性,因“皮肤紫纹、血压升高伴宫内孕5个月余”入院。经鉴别诊断,患者为库欣综合征肾上腺腺瘤合并妊娠。据悉,到2004年,通过查询Cochrane图书馆(cochrane ibrary)和PubMed,全球只报道库欣综合征合并妊娠136例。对于此病如何进行诊断?又该如何进行治疗?

Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol:库欣综合征药物治疗前沿进展

20世纪50年代,因为缺乏有效治疗手段,库欣综合征患者的平均存活仅4.6年。半个多世纪后的今天,随着医学知识和技术的不断更新和飞速发展,库欣综合征患者的寿命得到大幅延长,但死亡率仍是正常人群的1.7~4.8倍。及时诊断和治疗库欣综合征非常重要。2018年7月,发表在《Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol》的一篇综述对库欣综合征药物治疗最新进展情况进行了阐述。