J Cutan Med Surg:接受免疫抑制治疗的免疫介导性疾病患者的疫苗接种指南

2020-06-14 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

接受免疫抑制治疗的免疫介导性疾病患者比健康人有更多的感染性发作,但医生对这一患者群体的疫苗接种实践仍不理想。本研究旨在评估疫苗在暴露于免疫抑制疗法的个体中的安全性和有效性,并提供基于证据的临床实践建议

接受免疫抑制治疗的免疫介导性疾病患者比健康人有更多的感染性发作,但医生对这一患者群体的疫苗接种实践仍不理想。本研究旨在评估疫苗在暴露于免疫抑制疗法的个体中的安全性和有效性,并提供基于证据的临床实践建议。研究人员对免疫抑制疗法患者的疫苗接种安全性和有效性进行文献检索(2009-2017)。采用推荐、评估、开发和评价系统分级评估结果。

结果显示,几种免疫抑制疗法可减弱疫苗反应。因此,只要可行,应在治疗前接种疫苗。灭活疫苗可以在不中断治疗的情况下进行接种。同样,有证据表明,在接受选择性免疫抑制疗法时,带状疱疹活疫苗是安全有效的,尽管使用亚单位疫苗是首选。对其他活疫苗应持谨慎态度。应考虑药物药代动力学、疫苗诱导的病毒血症持续时间和免疫反应动力学,以确定接种和治疗(再)开始的适当时机。通过母乳暴露于免疫抑制疗法的婴儿通常可根据当地指南进行免疫接种。宫内暴露于免疫抑制剂并非灭活疫苗的禁忌症。排列在婴幼儿和儿童⩾12个月的减毒活疫苗,包括麻疹、流行性腮腺炎、风疹和水痘,由于药物清除的时间已经足够,可以安全接种。

综上所述,该研究结果表明,免疫抑制剂可能会减弱疫苗的反应,但保护性的好处一般都能保持。虽然这些建议是以证据为基础的,但不能代替临床判断,有关疫苗接种的决定必须仔细评估风险、益处和个别患者的情况。

原始出处:

 

Kim A PappBoulos Haraoui, et al., Vaccination Guidelines for Patients With Immune-Mediated Disorders on Immunosuppressive Therapies. J Cutan Med Surg. Jan/Feb 2019;23(1):50-74.

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