POEMS综合征的诊与治

2019-04-21 佚名 肿瘤资讯

POEMS综合征是一种与克隆性浆细胞疾病有关的临床综合征,临床以多发性周围神经病(polyneuropathy,P)、脏器肿大(organomegaly,O)、内分泌障碍(endocrinopathy,E)、单克隆浆细胞病(monoclonal plasma cell disorder, M)和皮肤病变(skin changes,S)为特征,取各种病变术语英文字首组合命名为POEMS综合征。

什么是POEMS综合征

POEMS综合征是一种与克隆性浆细胞疾病有关的临床综合征,临床以多发性周围神经病(polyneuropathy,P)、脏器肿大(organomegaly,O)、内分泌障碍(endocrinopathy,E)、单克隆浆细胞病(monoclonal plasma cell disorder, M)和皮肤病变(skin changes,S)为特征,取各种病变术语英文字首组合命名为POEMS综合征。

随着对POEMS综合征认识的不断加深,人们发现这类患者除了前面这5个特点之外还有一些其他特点,包括血清VEGF(血管内皮生长因子)水平升高、视乳头水肿等,有些患者还会并存Castleman病。

如何减少POEMS综合征误诊、提高确诊率?

这是一个非常重要的问题。就诊时,患者的病史可能已持续较长时间,短则1年,长则5~6年,甚至更长。由于POEMS综合征发病率很低,属于罕见病范畴,各个级别医院的大部分神经内科医生可能对这个疾病没有正确的认识,遇到此类患者时,未能及时筛查浆细胞疾病,进而导致漏诊或被诊断为不同的疾病。因此,应该加大POEMS综合征的普及教育,尤其是针对基层医院甚至是大医院的神经内科医生。

如何治疗POEMS综合征?

POEMS综合征是一种非常严重的疾病,但并非真正的恶性疾病。由于具有非常严重的周围神经病变,患者的活动能力下降,不能行走,更甚者只能卧床,所以这类患者的生活质量非常差,甚至存在自杀倾向。因此,早期诊断并及时治疗非常重要,一旦确诊,应及时给予治疗。

对于POEMS综合征的治疗,目前拥有一套非常有效的治疗方案,针对导致POEMS综合征的克隆性浆细胞疾病进行治疗。在这个新药时代,很多患者不需要应用传统意义的化疗药物,有些新药就可以达到非常好的治疗效果。对于年龄不超过65岁的患者,若没有严重的脏器功能损伤,可在前期治疗明显地控制了症状和体征后,予以患者自体外周血造血干细胞移植治疗,可以明显改善患者生存,提高生活质量。很多患者在治疗后可从卧床、完全不能自理的状态恢复到正常生活和工作的状态,甚至可以去旅游,能享受到非常好的生活质量。因此,神经内科或血液科的医生面对这些患者时,切记不要放弃治疗,务必及早诊断、及早治疗,为患者争取更好的生活质量。

为何宣武医院收治很多POEMS综合征患者呢?

正如刚才讲到的,POEMS综合征患者会有很多表现,比如说周围神经病变、内分泌障碍、皮肤改变等,所以患者的首诊科室通常不是血液科。比如,有皮肤改变的患者可能会去皮肤科就诊,有内分泌相关改变的患者会去内分泌科就诊,而周围神经病变是几乎所有患者都具有的临床表现,而宣武医院是一所在全国以神经病学为着称的知名医院,所以因周围神经病变就诊的患者非常多,而在这些患者中就有部分可能患有POEMS综合征。我们医院治疗周围神经病变的医生具有非常丰富的临床经验,会筛查POEMS综合征的可能性。因此,相比其他医院,我们宣武医院收治的POEMS综合征患者相对较多。

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什么是POEMS综合征?

POEMS综合征是以多发性周围神经病为主伴多系统受累的疾病。本文报告5例确诊的POEMS患者,因这5例患者临床均有其特点,故报道如下。

病例:重要指标缺失,你敢诊断罕见病吗?

这是一种与浆细胞病有关的多系统病变,临床上以多发性周围神经病(polyneuropathy)、脏器肿大(organomegaly)、内分泌障碍(endocrinopathy)、M蛋白(monoclonal protein)血症和皮肤病变(skin changes)为特征,取各种病变术语英文字首组合命名为POEMS综合征。M蛋白是该疾病诊断的关键指标之一,在这种少见疾病的诊断上,如果缺失了某项重要指