ctDNA液体活检有望成为新一代转移性肾细胞癌诊断方法

2017-03-03 佚名 生物探索

肾癌(肾细胞癌)占全身恶性肿瘤的2%~3%,在泌尿男性生殖系统恶性肿瘤中居第二位,约15%,仅次于膀胱癌。2012年全世界约有337860例新诊病例,其中约有143369例死于转移性肾细胞癌(renal cell carcinoma, RCC)RCC。在美国和大多数欧洲国家中,RCC的发病率在过去30年中一直在以每年约3%的速度上升。数据来自World Health Organization早期肾

肾癌(肾细胞癌)占全身恶性肿瘤的2%~3%,在泌尿男性生殖系统恶性肿瘤中居第二位,约15%,仅次于膀胱癌。2012年全世界约有337860例新诊病例,其中约有143369例死于转移性肾细胞癌(renal cell carcinoma, RCC)RCC。在美国和大多数欧洲国家中,RCC的发病率在过去30年中一直在以每年约3%的速度上升。



数据来自World Health Organization

早期肾脏肿瘤往往没有明显征兆,一些患者往往在癌细胞已经发生转移时才被发现。武汉协和医院泌尿外科主任章小平教授曾表示,通过检测人体血液中的一个指标,可大大提高肾癌的早期检出率。近年来,通过血液检测来实现癌症早期诊断的研究也越来越多地被报道,通过液体活检来实现转移性肾癌早期筛查和预后判断也备受关注。

液体活检能够提供更全面的肿瘤信息

临床上主要通过手术活检及穿刺活检两种方法来获取患者肿瘤组织样本,但转移期肿瘤患者体内可能有多个肿瘤病灶,具体到从哪个病灶获取肿瘤组织样本是一大问题。例如肾癌患者体内有不同的肿瘤病灶,而不同病灶位点的肿瘤细胞基因是有差异的,无论穿刺活检获得哪个病灶的肿瘤组织,所得到的信息都是片面的。但是每个病灶的肿瘤细胞或者肿瘤DNA都可能进入血液循环,通过液体活检收集CTC(循环肿瘤细胞)或者ctDNA(循环肿瘤DNA)能够获得患者体内肿瘤基因或者蛋白表达的全面信息,能够更加精准的指导个性化用药。

随着测序技术的发展,肿瘤液体活检的应用面渐渐扩张,也是目前最具发展潜力的肿瘤无创诊断和实时疗效监测手段。区别于传统的临床诊断手段,肿瘤液体活检具有简便、安全、无创、实时等特点。

转移性肾癌的早期筛查和预后评估

近年来,肿瘤液态活检的研究成果越来越显著,尤其是在肿瘤耐药性领域及预后判断。《Cancer Discovery》杂志上的研究曾揭示,液体活检可以为晚期黑色素瘤皮肤癌患者的复发提供早期预警。斯坦福大学医学院的研究人员曾在《 Science Translational Medicine》杂志中表示,对淋巴瘤患者血液ctDNA进行测序,可以准确地确定癌症亚型以及引起耐药性的突变位点,这有助于揭示哪些患者有可能被成功治疗,哪些患者的预后较差,从而有助于实现癌症的个性化治疗。

通过液体活检来实现转移性肾细胞癌的早期筛查及预后评估也成为了肾癌领域的研究热点,受到研究人员的青睐。美国当地时间2月28日13时,科迅生物与美国希望之城国家医疗中心就开发新一代的转移性肾细胞癌诊断方法达成了进一步的临床合作,致力于通过ctDNA液态活检技术来早期筛查转移性肾细胞癌及预后评估。



美国希望之城(City of Hope)是集生物医学研究、癌症治疗和癌症教育于一体的独立研究机构和治疗中心,主要从事癌症的基础性研究、临床研究、癌症的转移及预防等工作。科迅生物系国家高新技术企业,目前已与中国癌症基金会、中国人民解放军总医院、中国医学科学院肿瘤医院、北京协和医院等多家国内权威机构建立了合作关系,提供用于检测和分析循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)和ctDNA的尖端技术。



美国希望之城肾癌项目负责人Sumanta Pal

美国希望之城肾癌项目负责人Sumanta Pal表示,The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)项目的实施完成了大量肿瘤组织的测序工作,包括RCC在内的肿瘤机理研究得到了快速发展,原发性RCC的驱动基因突变已经研究得相对明晰,是由包括VHL, MET还有mTOR等信号通路改变造成的,以此为依据的药物开发工作已经取得了不错的成果。但是,对于转移性RCC目前知之甚少,一方面是因为其死亡率超高,另一方面由于临床上很难获得转移性RCC的样本。因此希望能够通过此次与科迅生物的合作,开发出一套基于ctDNA液态活检技术的转移性RCC检测方法,通过量化循环肿瘤DNA(ctDNA)的突变,来识别转移性RCC中最常见的变异,用于转移性肾细胞癌的早期筛查及预后评估。同时合作会针对尿液ctDNA检测进行探索性研究,通过尿液和血液的对照试验研发出真正无创的更经济、准确的RCC检测套餐。

科迅生物CEO周晔博士总结到,目前ctDNA技术在RCC的临床应用还处于空白阶段,国际上相关研究报道也是极少的。通过进一步临床合作,希望最终的成果能改变RCC的临床诊断前景。

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    2017-03-05 smlt2008
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    2017-03-04 1e0d418cm95(暂无匿称)

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