《中国全科医学》综述:三七提取物在心血管疾病临床应用中的研究进展

2022-11-21 中国全科医学杂志 中国全科医学杂志

三七提取物在心血管疾病作用。

三七作为我国传统中药,因其具有活血化瘀的功效,在治疗心血管疾病方面疗效显著,且随着现代中药提取技术的提高,极大提高了其作用功效。

引用本文:卢淑立,冯妍,高杰,等 . 三七提取物在心血管疾病临床应用中的研究进展[J].中国全科医学,2021,24(5):539-545.

《中国全科医学》发表关于三七提取物〔主要成分为三七总皂苷(PNS)〕,治疗心血管疾病临床应用的综述,整理了国内外关于三七提取物治疗冠心病、高血压、心力衰竭、心律失常时的作用机制、临床应用效果及可能的不于良反的相关研究。三七提取物三七总皂苷及其有效成分对治疗心血管疾病有明确疗效,可起到使用单一药物发挥多种药效的作用。

1 冠心病

CORONARY HEART DISEASE

•  保护心肌细胞,抑制炎性反应

实验证明PNS可以通过激活PI3K/Akt信号通路,对缺血诱导的心肌细胞凋亡具有抑制作用。单体三七皂苷R1可以通过抑制机体氧化应激和减少炎性细胞因子的产生,起到抑制炎性反应的作用。PNS可以改善缺氧状态时心肌细胞坏死,减弱炎性反应,进而发挥缩小梗死面积及保护心肌细胞的作用。

•  抗血小板聚集,增强阿司匹林抗血小板作用

PNS 能有效降低血小板聚集率和血小板体外黏附,对血小板CD62p、血小板膜糖蛋白GPⅡb/Ⅲa的抑制作用均优于阿司匹林。PNS自身可抑制血小板聚集,当PNS联合阿司匹林应用时又能增强阿司匹林抗血小板作用,且能保护胃黏膜。

•  降血脂,抑制血管内皮细胞凋亡

PNS通过降低血脂和血液黏稠度,抑制血管内皮细胞凋亡,从而减少冠状动脉粥样硬化,PNS在改善冠心病患者血脂指标方面,临床效果显著,且其安全性及适应证皆优于传统降脂西药。

2 高血压

HYPERTENSION

•  舒张血管,降低血压

PNS可通过影响多种血管收缩物质的表达,以及调节血管动作电位、抑制大小动脉结构和功能变化,从而舒张血管,降低血压,临床上长期应用,对原发性高血压病有显著的降压效果。

•  改善小动脉血流微循环

PNS不仅能通过降低血压从根本上改善对大小血管的刺激,又可通过改善小动脉血流微循环起到防治并发症的作用。

3 心力衰竭

HEART FAILURE

PNS治疗心力衰竭的机制可能是通过维持心肌细胞结构及功能、改善心肌重塑、保护心肌细胞的功能来发挥作用。而冠心病、高血压又均是心力衰竭的病因及诱因,因此在常规抗心力衰竭治疗基础上使用PNS可起到协同作用,既可有效控制心力衰竭症状,又可延缓病程进展,逆转心肌重塑,进而提高患者生活质量。

4 心律失常

ARRHYTHMIA

PNS应用于阵发性心房颤动可有效控制患者异常心律,炎性指标及心房内径降低可能与PNS抑制心肌炎症及纤维化的机制有关。

5 不良反应

ADVERSE REACTIONS

目前三七提取物制剂多数为中成药,根据三七提取物可能出现的不良反应,提示在临床应用中需要合理选择药物种类,联合其他药物使用时对种类及数量要谨慎选择。

三七为中西医结合防治心血管疾病的一个重要且有效的经典中药。冠心病、高血压、心力衰竭的每个阶段发病虽不完全相同,但多有相关性及继发性,三七提取物PNS的基础研究对应了上述疾病中的发病机制,多项临床研究明确了其临床疗效,且药物安全性及适用范围较西药更有优势。

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