BMC Public Health:长期睡眠不足是导致年轻女性患抑郁症的重要因素

2018-08-10 BMC中国 BMC期刊

最近发表在BMC Public Health上的一项研究发现,在年轻女性(而非男性)中,累计睡眠不足与较高的抑郁指标之间存在关联,这为睡眠不足在年轻人患抑郁风险中的作用以及其性别影响增加了新的证据。该论文的两位作者,Annalijn I.Conklin和Christopher G.Richardson将向我们讲述他们的发现及其与之前研究的不同之处。

最近发表在BMC Public Health上的一项研究发现,在年轻女性(而非男性)中,累计睡眠不足与较高的抑郁指标之间存在关联,这为睡眠不足在年轻人患抑郁风险中的作用以及其性别影响增加了新的证据。该论文的两位作者,Annalijn I.Conklin和Christopher G.Richardson将向我们讲述他们的发现及其与之前研究的不同之处。

抑郁症是一种常见的心理疾病,影响着全世界1.21亿人,以健康寿命损失年(YLDs)衡量,抑郁症是导致人们无法正常工作生活的重要原因。在年轻人中,抑郁症确诊率不断上升,其中有20%在成年之前就患上抑郁症,这使得许多地区格外重视加强抑郁症预防、早期识别和治疗的相关行动。

抑郁会导致持续的悲伤,并使患者对日常生活失去兴趣,影响患者的健康和幸福。人们通常将抑郁状态误认为青春期短暂的“正常”阶段,加上普遍存在的污名化,导致了目前绝大多数患抑郁症的年轻人没有得到治疗。

青少年抑郁症的发展会导致药物滥用、生活质量下降和自杀。此外,患有抑郁症的年轻人在成年后健康和经济状况不佳的风险也会增加。

增加青少年抑郁风险的因素包括:虐待和忽视、慢性身体疾病、精神疾病家族史、其他心理健康问题以及生活压力。研究还发现,年轻女性患抑郁症的可能性是年轻男性的两倍,尽管其中的一些差异是研究人员在确定抑郁症状时的提问方式所导致的。

睡眠是否与抑郁症有关?

睡眠是保持健康所必须的,充足的睡眠对年轻人的身体正常发育至关重要。13-18岁青少年的推荐睡眠量是每晚8到10个小时。然而,是否拥有充足的睡眠并不常被认为是导致青少年抑郁症的潜在决定因素。

青春期是发育的关键时期,主要表现为慢波睡眠和快速眼动睡眠的大量减少、睡眠障碍的增加、昼夜节律向夜间睡眠模式的转变,以及睡眠总时长的缩短。这些神经内分泌的变化常常导致年轻人缺乏足够的睡眠。睡眠不足的负面后果包括情绪紊乱、学习成绩差、体重增加、食物摄入量增加、药物滥用和其他不良的健康行为。

年轻人睡眠时间短(即睡眠量少)和抑郁之间的关系尚未得到深入研究。尽管一些调查人员使用了能够进行一定因果关系推理前瞻性研究设计,但这一领域的大部分工作涉及横断研究设计设计:即在同一时间点测量睡眠剥夺和抑郁症,所以没有办法知道抑郁是否发生于睡眠干扰之后。

即使是能够更好地评估因果关系的研究,通常也只测量一次睡眠问题,然后进行一段时间的观察,以确定患抑郁症的风险。尽管尚未有定论,但这类研究的结果表明在年轻人中,睡眠缩短常常发生于抑郁症状之前。

尽管女性和男性在抑郁的发展过程会中存在差异,鉴于两者的生理和社会状态,他们也会遭受不同风险因素的威胁,目前的研究却并未曾关注抑郁症患者的性别差异和相关的影响因素。

我们的研究和新发现

我们试图用从加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚的大量年轻人中多次收集的数据来填补这一空白,研究中年轻人就睡眠和清醒时间的相关问题作答,以此确定他们的睡眠是否被剥夺,并在间隔约6个月的三个时间点进行计算。

该实验设计使我们能够确定研究对象长期睡眠不足的程度,从而利用这些信息从性别的角度研究慢性睡眠剥夺(与偶尔或没有睡眠剥夺的历史相比)对抑郁风险的累积影响。

我们提的假设是,长期睡眠不足(定义为每周少于8小时)会导致更高的抑郁水平,而且这种关联性在年轻女性和年轻男性之间会有所不同。

研究结果显示,累计睡眠不足在年轻女性中与更高的抑郁评分有关,但年轻男性中并没有明确的关系。利用简单的统计模型,我们发现累积睡眠不足与年轻男性抑郁评分有中等的相关性;然而如果考虑到一些影响抑郁症和睡眠的因素,这一相关性就会减小。

这项研究为反复睡眠不足对年轻人患抑郁症风险的影响以及这种影响的性别差异增加了新证据。我们认为这是一个重要的研究领域,并需要更多的关注,无论是思考其中的联系,还是对其进行严格测量。

此外,我们还认为保障年轻女性达到建议的睡眠量很重要,这可能是促进年轻人心理健康的一种重要方式。

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    2018-12-24 shizhenshan
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    2018-08-14 186****0580(小山羊)

    学习了谢谢了

    0

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    2018-08-10 sunfeifeiyang

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