华人医生完成全球首例“三亲婴儿”,PGS和NGS又立一功

2016-09-29 佚名 生物探索

线粒体DNA(mtDNA)突变属于母系遗传,可导致致命性或衰弱性疾病,目前尚无有效治疗方案,临床症状的严重程度通常与mtDNA异质性突变负荷相关。线粒体疗法已被证明能使卵母细胞mtDNA突变传递到胚胎的概率降到最小。据Science、BBC、Medicalxpress、MailOnline等媒体报道,全球首例三亲婴儿已于5个月前在墨西哥诞生,为男婴,目前各方面良好。该案例的完成者为纽约新希望生殖医

导语:全球首例三亲婴儿已于5个月前在墨西哥诞生!该案例的完成者为纽约新希望生殖医学中心的华人医学博士John Zhang,他采用了纺锤体核移植技术、PGS和NGS技术,成功帮助线粒体基因缺陷女子产下了健康后代。



线粒体DNA(mtDNA)突变属于母系遗传,可导致致命性或衰弱性疾病,目前尚无有效治疗方案,临床症状的严重程度通常与mtDNA异质性突变负荷相关。线粒体疗法已被证明能使卵母细胞mtDNA突变传递到胚胎的概率降到最小。据Science、BBC、Medicalxpress、MailOnline等媒体报道,全球首例三亲婴儿已于5个月前在墨西哥诞生,为男婴,目前各方面良好。该案例的完成者为纽约新希望生殖医学中心的华人医学博士John Zhang。

三亲婴儿

所谓的“三亲婴儿”,又称3P婴儿(3P即英文three parents的缩写)。为了避免夫妇把线粒体缺陷遗传给下一代,导致后代患有先天性心脏病、失明、肝衰竭等多种疾病,医生将捐献者卵子的细胞核DNA移走,再将母亲卵子的细胞核DNA移入捐献者的卵子中,最后再按照标准的试管婴儿技术进行培育。这样诞生的孩子将会继承一位父亲和两位母亲的遗传基因。简单地说,就是这名婴儿有三名血缘亲代,即两母一父。

首例三亲婴儿的惊险旅程

该案例的起源要从一位Leigh氏综合征女性携带者说起,她曾有过两个小孩,但均死于该疾病,此外她还遭遇了四次流产。研究者并未透露该名男婴及其母亲的真实身份。为了生育一个不携带该基因但又含有父母双方基因的后代,她的丈夫向纽约新希望生殖医学中心的 John Zhang医生求助。

由于美国尚未批准以生育为目的相关三亲婴儿技术,因此Zhang医生转向了墨西哥(根据New Scientist杂志报道,墨西哥对该技术没有规定)。虽然英国批准了原核移植技术,但这对夫妇不接受这种技术,因为它会破坏两个胚胎。由于该女性的线粒体携带了Leigh氏综合征疾病基因,因此Zhang医生采用了纺锤体核移植( spindle nuclear transfer )技术。

他取出该女子的细胞核,将其插入到无核的捐赠卵子中,形成了一个特殊的卵子——包含该女子的细胞核DNA和捐赠者的线粒体DNA;并将这颗卵子与她丈夫的精子进行受精,形成了胚胎。利用该方法,Zhang医生及其研究团队创建了5个胚胎。他们利用胚胎植入前遗传学筛查(PGS)技术对这些胚胎进行染色体筛查,还采用下一代测序技术对胚胎mtDNA进行定量分析,结果发现只有1个胚胎正常发育,正是这个胚胎成功孕育了首例三亲婴儿。

遗传学分析结果显示,这名男婴的绝大多数基因来自其父母,包括编码头发、眼睛颜色等基因,只有0.1%的基因来自捐赠者。Zhang医生及其团队将于下个月在盐湖城召开的美国生殖医学学会中公布他们的研究方法。不过目前在《 Fertility and Sterility》杂志中已经能查阅到该研究的详细报道。



仍存在争议

专家对此案例仍有争议声,他们认为有很多地方仍需要探索。莫纳什大学遗传病研究中心主任Justin St John说,“由于这项技术一直存在争议,作为全球首例,我认为研究人员应该向同行提交一份完整的报告,而不是以这种方式来宣布结果。”

早在20世纪90年代开始,研究者们就开始尝试通过向母体卵子中注射捐赠者的线粒体DNA,并将该卵子与精子受精从而生育婴儿。“但通过该方式出生的一些婴儿仍然患有遗传病,因此这种技术被禁止了,这可能与线粒体的两个来源有关。”St John说。

另一位专家,英国兰开斯特大学David Clancy讲师回忆道,“猴子试验表明,母体线粒体DNA可以从低水平扩展至高水平,这使得疾病再次被传播,所以我们预测这可能也会发生在人类身上。”

“此次生育的是男孩,因此他不会将任何有缺陷的线粒体遗传给下一代”,Clancy说,“尽管如此,我们还是应该对这种新技术保持谨慎的态度。我们希望能看到这个小孩健康长大,并拥有一个长期健康的生活。”

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    2016-10-01 Tommy1949
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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2033350, encodeId=90ae20333505d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=09bf29564b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全球首例#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29564, encryptionId=09bf29564b2, topicName=全球首例)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1a5a149, createdName=gongliu, createdTime=Sat Aug 19 17:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1715537, encodeId=9c9e1e155379e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6e7719568f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#三亲婴儿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=19568, encryptionId=6e7719568f5, topicName=三亲婴儿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a45531955858, createdName=LShY0906_98743854, createdTime=Sun Jan 29 04:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1370423, encodeId=d86213e0423e3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d67212e68d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NGS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12768, encryptionId=d67212e68d7, topicName=NGS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e5bc315, createdName=Tommy1949, createdTime=Sat Oct 01 00:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1581921, encodeId=6f13158192116, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=830c35868ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#华人#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=35868, encryptionId=830c35868ec, topicName=华人)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3f7716881423, createdName=ms4468361851264128, createdTime=Sat Oct 01 00:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137588, encodeId=864c13e58812, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Thu Sep 29 11:47:54 CST 2016, time=2016-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137587, encodeId=c0c713e58775, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Thu Sep 29 11:47:48 CST 2016, time=2016-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-29 知难而进

    继续关注!

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2033350, encodeId=90ae20333505d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=09bf29564b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全球首例#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29564, encryptionId=09bf29564b2, topicName=全球首例)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1a5a149, createdName=gongliu, createdTime=Sat Aug 19 17:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1715537, encodeId=9c9e1e155379e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6e7719568f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#三亲婴儿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=19568, encryptionId=6e7719568f5, topicName=三亲婴儿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a45531955858, createdName=LShY0906_98743854, createdTime=Sun Jan 29 04:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1370423, encodeId=d86213e0423e3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d67212e68d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NGS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12768, encryptionId=d67212e68d7, topicName=NGS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e5bc315, createdName=Tommy1949, createdTime=Sat Oct 01 00:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1581921, encodeId=6f13158192116, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=830c35868ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#华人#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=35868, encryptionId=830c35868ec, topicName=华人)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3f7716881423, createdName=ms4468361851264128, createdTime=Sat Oct 01 00:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137588, encodeId=864c13e58812, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Thu Sep 29 11:47:54 CST 2016, time=2016-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=137587, encodeId=c0c713e58775, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Thu Sep 29 11:47:48 CST 2016, time=2016-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-29 知难而进

    谢谢分享!

    0

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