Autophagy:脑缺血诱导的自噬上调预示着神经元的溶酶体紊乱和突触损伤

2020-11-14 haibei MedSci原创

巨自噬/自噬对神经元的稳态和功能至关重要。积累的证据表明,自噬在脑缺血期间受损,导致神经元功能障碍和神经变性。然而,我们对于自噬机制瞬时改变后的结果尚不完全清楚。

巨自噬/自噬对神经元的稳态和功能至关重要。积累的证据表明,自噬在脑缺血期间受损,导致神经元功能障碍和神经变性。然而,我们对于自噬机制瞬时改变后的结果尚不完全清楚。

最近,研究人员在Autophagy杂志发文,其利用大鼠海马神经元氧-葡萄糖剥夺(OGD)模型和小鼠大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)模型,研究缺血应激对自噬和突触结构的影响。

结果显示,急性缺血后,最初的自噬修饰以上调方式发生。继而,溶酶体的数量以及溶酶体体积增加,表明溶酶体储存功能障碍。

通过3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-MA)处理或ATG7(自噬相关7)敲除抑制自噬可以阻止这些变化的发生。相反,通过雷帕霉素(RAPA)激活自噬可以模拟这些变化。这表明,功能失调的溶酶体储存与自噬的早期爆发有关。

由于再灌注过程中MTOR依赖的溶酶体生物发生的基础水平不足,瞬时自噬上调后,自噬底物不能被及时清除,因此溶酶体储存功能障碍导致自噬功能障碍。

进一步调查发现,突触超结构的损伤,伴随着溶酶体储存功能障碍,可能是突触蛋白动态周转失败所致。这说明自噬-溶酶体机制在突触结构的维持中起着至关重要的作用。

这项研究支持了之前的证据,即神经元自噬上调后可能会出现溶酶体储存功能障碍。适当的自噬体-溶酶体功能对神经元突触功能的维持至关重要,其影响的不仅仅是少数已知的突触蛋白。

 

原始出处:

Xia Zhang et al. Ischemia-induced upregulation of autophagy preludes dysfunctional lysosomal storage and associated synaptic impairments in neurons. Autophagy (2020). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2020.1840796

 

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