多普勒超声诊断心包血管肉瘤1例

2019-01-28 熊妮 徐可 戴克菊 医学影像学杂志

患者女,58岁。因“反复胸闷伴心悸1周”入院。查体:心率105次/分,心前区无隆起,心尖搏动位置正常,未触及震颤,心界向两边扩大,心律齐,心音低顿。心脏超声心动图显示:各房室内径正常,室间隔及左室后壁厚度、运动幅度正常,各瓣膜形态、回声、开闭正常,房室间隔回声连续,各瓣膜区未探及明显异常血流信号,左室收缩功能指标正常,心肌正常回声反射,靠左室侧壁及心尖部心包内可见范围约9.8 cm×5.9 cm的

患者女,58岁。因“反复胸闷伴心悸1周”入院。查体:心率105次/分,心前区无隆起,心尖搏动位置正常,未触及震颤,心界向两边扩大,心律齐,心音低顿。心脏超声心动图显示:各房室内径正常,室间隔及左室后壁厚度、运动幅度正常,各瓣膜形态、回声、开闭正常,房室间隔回声连续,各瓣膜区未探及明显异常血流信号,左室收缩功能指标正常,心肌正常回声反射,靠左室侧壁及心尖部心包内可见范围约9.8 cm×5.9 cm的不均质回声团,形态不规则,边界欠清楚,内可见片状无回声区,与心包膜分界不清晰,靠心尖部左室侧壁心包腔内可见液性暗区反射(图1)。
 


图1 经胸超声心动图提示心包血管肉瘤声像图,心包内可见不均质回声,形态不规则,边界欠清楚,CDFI提示内未见明显血流信号
 
超声诊断:靠侧壁及心尖部心包腔不均质回声团,包裹性积液?心包囊实性占位?CT显示左侧纵膈旁囊实性肿块(与心包膜关系密切),部分肿块突向左肺内,伴心包腔内积液及左肺下叶局限性压迫性肺不张,考虑恶性肿瘤可能性大(来源:间皮瘤、肺内肿瘤累计心包膜)(图2)。
 


图2 CT检查:左侧纵膈旁囊实性肿块(与心包膜关系密切),部分肿块突向左肺内(箭头所示),伴心包腔内积液及左肺下叶局限性压迫性肺不张,考虑恶性肿瘤可能性大
 
术中所见:左侧约400ml胸水,心包左侧近心底部有约7 cm的球形突出,暗红色,并与心包相通。心包边缘扩大,压力高,切开后内有大量血凝块及纤维蛋白沉积物,并有鲜血渗出,内容物量约1500ml。病理检查:(心包)恶性肿瘤。免疫组化:CK5/6(-),calretinin(-),CD34(+),Desmin(-),myogenin(-),Fli-1(+),CD31(+),D2-40(-),CK(-),ki-67(+,30%)(图3),支持“心包”血管肉瘤。



 图3 心包血管肉瘤病理检查提示心包恶性肿瘤(HE染色,×200倍)
 
讨论:
 
心包肿瘤分为原发性肿瘤和继发性肿瘤,原发性心脏肿瘤在临床上是很罕见的,发病率约为0.001%~0.28%。心脏血管肉瘤最常见的组织学亚型特点是在于它的浸润性和转移性,常常转移到邻近的组织,如心包、瓣膜等,甚至累计到冠状动脉,这也是心脏血管肉瘤的恶性程度高,预后差的主要原因。
 
本例超声心动图提示靠左室侧壁及心尖部心包出现不均质肿块回声,边界不规则,边界欠清晰,伴有不同程度的心包积液,其CT检查提示该肿块已呈膨胀性生长并突向左肺内并导致局部肺不张,免疫组化结果提示(心包)血管肉瘤。本例心包血管肉瘤患者临床症状只有心悸、胸闷等非特殊性表现,依靠临床症状确诊较困难,所以影像学的检查在疾病的诊疗中尤为重要。
 
超声心动图在本病的诊断中能提供有价值的定位和定性信息,可初步判断肿瘤的性质,显示心包肿瘤大小、部位、形态、肿块与周围组织的关系以及周围组织压迫现象等,同时结合CT、MRI等多种影像学检查可进一步明确肿块的侵袭范围,最后通过病理检查确诊。目前常用的诊断手段包括超声心动图、MRI、CT等,超声心动图方法无创、直接、快速,可重复性高,可为心脏肿瘤的诊断提供重要的依据。
 
原始出处:

熊妮,徐可,戴克菊,唐雯,顾鹏.多普勒超声诊断心包血管肉瘤1例[J].医学影像学杂志,2018(01):11+19.

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    2019-02-09 jyzxjiangqin

    多普勒超声诊断。

    0

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    2019-01-31 jyzxjiangqin

    多普勒超声诊断。

    0

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    2019-01-28 277837675

    少见病例,学习了,多一种思路

    0

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