eLife:体温37℃,或在发低烧...研究发现人类体温一直在下降

2020-01-15 不详 中国生物技术网

清晨六点醒来,浑身酸疼,倍感无力,鼻涕也在试探着往下流淌......这时候你的第一反应一定是“我可能发烧”了,于是拿起体温计重新钻进被窝......当看到体温计显示37.2 ℃时,通常我们会松一口气,认为自己的体温还算健康。

清晨六点醒来,浑身酸疼,倍感无力,鼻涕也在试探着往下流淌......这时候你的第一反应一定是“我可能发烧”了,于是拿起体温计重新钻进被窝......当看到体温计显示37.2 ℃时,通常我们会松一口气,认为自己的体温还算健康。

因为,一个多世纪以来,37℃(98.6华氏度)一直被用作人类健康的体温标准,但这个标准却在不断受到怀疑。近日,发表在《eLIFE》上的研究中,来自美国斯坦福大学的研究表明,现在我们的体温正在稳步下降。



研究通讯作者、斯坦福大学医学研究员Julie Parsonnet教授说:“我们的体温并不是人们想象的那样。虽然每个人都知道,人体正常体温是37摄氏度,但这并不是正确的。”

Julie Parsonnet此前,波士顿儿童医院的风湿病学家Jonathan Hausmann曾在一项研究中指出:“清晨六点时体温37.2 ℃并不正常,但同样的温度在下午四点钟就可以是完全正常的。

说起这个“37 ℃标准体温,还是源自1851年德国医生Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich的研究成果。他当时从25000名患者那里进行了数百万次的体温测量,并基于这些数据撰写了一篇影响深远的文章,并设定了奉行了一个多世纪的体温标准,即摄氏37 ℃是正常体温的“生理点”。Wunderlich医生用来区分健康与不健康温度范围的设备,已被收藏在费城穆特博物馆,这是一种内装水银的玻璃仪器,大约9英寸长(约22.9 cm),比现代数字温度计的测试温度略高,测试温度甚至比博物馆收藏的同一时期的其他温度计还要高。Wunderlich将体温计放在病人腋下,这样获得的读数比口含温度计略低,这在一定程度上确实抵消了一些偏高的误差,但准确性略差。

Parsonnet说:“在19世纪,才刚刚有测量体温的说法。从那以后,有几项研究对Wunderlich的测量提出了批评,呼吁将标准体温再降低零点几摄氏度。”


图片来源:eLIFE

Parsonnet团队好奇的是,对比标准体温的前后变化,究竟是因为技术的改进,还是准确地反映了不同时期人类生理上的变化?为了找出答案,研究人员调查了美国内战后近24000万名联邦陆军退伍军人的医疗记录,以查看大约一个世纪前的体温记录。然后,将这些数字与20世纪70年代初美国国家健康调查的约15000条记录和代表21世纪初的斯坦福临床数据平台的150000条记录进行比较。总体而言,该团队掌握了超过50万份个体温度测量的详细信息。


图片来源:eLIFE

不出所料,随着时间的推移,出现了明显而显著的差异。生活在19世纪末的人体温略高一些。例如,在本世纪初出生的男性比19世纪初出生的男性体温要低0.59摄氏度,这意味着每十年稳步下降0.03摄氏度。女性的体温变化降幅也差不多,自19世纪90年代以来下降了0.32摄氏度。


Tempreture *F

随着这种差异得到确认,研究团队将他们的注意力转向了每组之间的差异,并假设他们每个人都曾用大致相同精度的仪器测量过自己的体温。在数千份美国内战老兵几十年里的病例中,他们发现了这一逐渐下降的趋势,这与他们最初的比较结果相符。

温度计技术或方法的发展速度不太可能解释这种稳步下降的原因,难道是我们自己的身体,或者环境导致了体温下降吗?

Parsonnet说:“从生理上讲,我们确实与过去有所不同。我们生活的环境已经发生改变,包括室内的温度、与微生物的接触,以及可以获取的食物。所有这些都意味着,尽管我们认为人类是单一物种,在所有演化过程中都是一样的,但并不是一样的。实际上,我们在生理上正在发生变化。”

健康和营养的改善可能是寻求答案的一个有效途径。我们不断增加的身体质量使新陈代谢进入更温暖的状态,但是炎症与体温的变化密切相关,慢性感染的减少或许可以解释为什么我们没有以前的体温高了。随着人类社会和环境进入剧烈变化的阶段,过去的变化也可能为我们未来的发展提供一些指导意见。

未来,随着更多新的疾病和社会整体健康程度的下降,或许人类的平均体温还会回升。

原始出处:

Myroslava Protsiv, Catherine Ley, Joanna Lankester, et.al. Decreasing human body temperature in the United States since the Industrial Revolution. eLife  Jan 7, 2020

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    2020-04-14 w984453tii
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    2020-08-06 clmlylxy
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    2020-11-15 膀胱癌
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    2020-01-17 高三石

    挺好的

    0

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