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Nature： SARS-CoV-2入侵人体的入口，竟是这2类关键鼻细胞！

2020-04-30 王昭月 生物探索

SARS-CoV-2
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目前，已知新冠病毒（SARS-CoV-2）的入侵机制类似于2003年的SARS，为了探究新冠病毒的传播潜力，有研究者发现并鉴定了SARS-CoV-2在两个鼻细胞类型中高表达——

目前，已知新冠病毒（SARS-CoV-2）的入侵机制类似于2003年的SARS，为了探究新冠病毒的传播潜力，有研究者发现并鉴定了SARS-CoV-2在两个鼻细胞类型中高表达——鼻腔分泌细胞和纤毛细胞，该结果发表在《Nature Medicine》上。

SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白与人体的ACE2结合，是病毒复制率和疾病严重程度的主要决定因素。除此之外，病毒的进入还取决于TMPRSS2蛋白酶的活性，且其活性可以被组织蛋白酶B/L活性替代。

基于现有数据，研究发现，有症状和无症状患者鼻拭子的病毒载量高于咽喉拭子，表明鼻腔上皮是感染和传播的初始入口。为了探究哪些细胞表达ACE2和TMPRSS2蛋白酶两种关键的蛋白，同时阐明二者的表达模式，研究人员利用单细胞RNA测序，分析了健康捐赠者们20多个不同组织的人类细胞图谱(Human Cell Atlas, HCA)。


ACE2和TMPRSS2在不同组织中的表达及其在鼻上皮细胞中的富集

结果显示，在特定的呼吸、角膜和肠道上皮细胞中共同检测到这些转录本，这有可能解释SARS-CoV-2的高效传播。同时，在鼻腔上皮细胞中，这些基因也与参与天然免疫的基因共同表达。ACE2在鼻腔分泌细胞和纤毛细胞中表达最高，而TMPRSS2仅在ACE2+细胞的一个子集中表达，表明病毒可能使用替代途径。

荷兰格罗宁根大学医学中心的Martijn Nawijn博士提到，这是首次将鼻子中的这些特殊细胞与新冠病毒联系起来，虽然许多因素可以导致病毒传播，但我们的发现与目前所见的病毒快速感染率相一致，这些细胞位于鼻内表面，很容易接触病毒并传染给他人。

原始出处：
Waradon Sungnak, et al. SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes. Nature. Published: 23 April 2020

评论区 (4)
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    2020-12-08 liubm555

    #鼻细胞#

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    2020-12-19 liye789132251

    #Nat#

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    2020-07-01 hukaixun

    #SARS-CoV#

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    2020-05-02 小刀医生

    #SARS#

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