第十七届中国介入心脏病学大会(CIT2019)|葛均波:冠状动脉微栓塞的研究进展——从基础到临床

2019-03-30 Gill MedSci原创

第十七届中国介入心脏病学大会(CIT2019)目前正在北京国家会议中心如火如荼进行中,本次大会有幸邀请来自复旦大学的葛均波院士出席,并对冠状动脉微栓塞的研究进展进行了专题讲座。冠脉微循环功能障碍与微栓塞冠脉微血管直径小于500um,包括前小动脉、小动脉、其他毛细血管等,是心肌重要的血管网络系统。它们不仅供血供氧,还感知压力、血流、代谢产物变化,调整自身功能。有时解除心外膜大血管堵塞后,部分患者仍症

第十七届中国介入心脏病学大会(CIT2019)目前正在北京国家会议中心如火如荼进行中,本次大会有幸邀请来自复旦大学的葛均波院士出席,并对冠状动脉微栓塞的研究进展进行了专题讲座。

冠脉微循环功能障碍与微栓塞

冠脉微血管直径小于500um,包括前小动脉、小动脉、其他毛细血管等,是心肌重要的血管网络系统。它们不仅供血供氧,还感知压力、血流、代谢产物变化,调整自身功能。有时解除心外膜大血管堵塞后,部分患者仍症状不缓解,或者具有明确心肌缺血证据却并没有心外膜大血管的病变。近年来越来越多心血管意识开始关注冠状动脉微循环/微血管功能。

微循环障碍机制包括功能异常和结构异常。

冠状动脉微栓塞指发生于冠脉微循环系统的栓塞,冠脉斑块破裂或受挤压之后,斑块碎片、脂质、血小板聚集物、微小血栓等脱落,阻塞冠脉微循环,导致心肌梗死形成、心功能受损。

常见于急诊PCI术后无复流、择期PCI术后围手术期心肌损伤。

动物研究发现,通过冠脉内选择性注射微栓塞球,可以诱发心肌微梗死的发生,同时,出现心功能的下降。

课题组既往研究也证实,小型猪冠脉微栓塞后,心肌局部可形成微梗死灶,MRI检测可发现微小梗死灶及心功能下降。同时,这种心肌损伤与局部炎症因子的释放相关。

炎症因子TNF-a分泌是冠状动脉微栓塞分子机制之一,且TNF-a介导的心肌细胞凋亡是微栓塞后心肌损伤的机制之一。



微循环功能的检测方式

冠状动脉微血管病变的诊断技术包括:

无创伤性技术:负荷超声心动图、心肌对比超声心动图、心肌核素显像、PET、CMRI。

创伤性技术:冠状动脉TIMI血流分级、心肌呈色分级;冠状动脉血流储备(CFR)测定;

冠状动脉微血管阻力指数(IMR)测定。

微血管阻力指数(IMR)是反映微循环阻力高低的"指数",IMR值不是阻力的绝对值,可以用"冠脉微循环两端的压力差"与"微循环血流(CF)"之比表示。

IMR是近年来用于评价微循环的新参数,其不受血流动力学及心外膜狭窄病变的影响,重复性好,是目前临床研究热点。测量IMR需要使用动脉生理检测仪以及镶嵌有压力/温度感受器的导丝,在PCI手术过程中测量。

课题组通过介入的方式,建立小型猪冠状动脉微栓塞模型,冠脉内注射直径42um的微栓塞球后,检测IMR数值,发现微栓塞后的IMR显着高于术前。

冠脉微栓塞与临床

1.围手术期心肌损伤/梗死

目前,将介入术后48h内且cTn大于5被的99th参考值上限来PCI相关性心肌梗死(PMI)。PMI主要原因包括微栓塞、分支闭塞、支架两端血管夹层、痉挛,其中微栓塞虽然肉眼无法看到,但发生率较高且难以补救。

PMI发生的危险因素包括病人因素、病变因素、操作因素等,研究组既往研究发现年龄、血脂、病变血管数、植入支架数与PMI的发生独立相关。

2.急诊PCI术后无复流发生

无复流被认为与冠状动脉微栓塞、缺血再灌注损伤、血管内皮功能异常相关,也有部分因微血管痉挛所致。无复流发生严重不利于患者预后。

TOTAL研究比较了常规血栓抽吸联合PCI与单独PCI对ST段抬高型心肌梗死行直接PCI患者的疗效差异,结果显示急性心梗患者急诊PCI中,手动血栓抽吸并不减少180天的MACE发生率,却增加了术后30天的卒中发生率。

3.防治围手术期微栓塞

主要包括入导管室前、导管室中、出导管室后,现存措施根据证据等级各不相同。

冠状动脉栓塞是冠脉微循环障碍的一种类型,与围手术期心肌损伤、急诊PCI术后的无复流密切相关、严重威胁心血管疾病预后。多种无创及有创方式有利于早期发现微栓塞的发生,介入手术前和术后需要注意预防微栓塞发生,治疗包括远端保护装置、血栓抽吸等。但由于目前治疗尚存争议,该领域研究仍是任重道远。

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    2022-09-01 ms4000001183176426

    会议视频在哪里可以看

    0

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1242592, encodeId=4f0f124259228, content=会议视频在哪里可以看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=29028304459, createdName=ms4000001183176426, createdTime=Thu Sep 01 23:26:37 CST 2022, time=2022-09-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1738548, encodeId=b6ed1e38548a1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a9dd4e63c4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CIT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4763, encryptionId=a9dd4e63c4, topicName=CIT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=eabf34462441, createdName=12498877m109暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Oct 05 19:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1970406, encodeId=44b919e040657, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6c9425269fd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#介入心脏病学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25269, encryptionId=6c9425269fd, topicName=介入心脏病学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=467c360, createdName=yuanming7, createdTime=Tue Dec 24 16:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2018602, encodeId=eb6d201860276, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ff3c51599b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心脏病学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51599, encryptionId=ff3c51599b0, topicName=心脏病学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=640c454, createdName=qblt, createdTime=Tue Jun 04 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1381169, encodeId=eb8213811699f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9281e34519b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73451, encryptionId=9281e34519b, topicName=研究进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Mon Apr 01 13:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=363840, encodeId=4a4d36384099, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210124/2959859c08784950bc188459d8d7c2c1/3509ed0b3e3e4ca08f78e8a9232d2e4c.jpg, createdBy=24f61480129, createdName=小豁牙, createdTime=Sun Mar 31 06:13:14 CST 2019, time=2019-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=363839, encodeId=6e643638390e, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210124/2959859c08784950bc188459d8d7c2c1/3509ed0b3e3e4ca08f78e8a9232d2e4c.jpg, createdBy=24f61480129, createdName=小豁牙, createdTime=Sun Mar 31 06:13:05 CST 2019, time=2019-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=363838, encodeId=e454363838fa, content=好好好好好好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Sun Mar 31 06:02:25 CST 2019, time=2019-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-06-04 qblt
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1242592, encodeId=4f0f124259228, content=会议视频在哪里可以看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=29028304459, createdName=ms4000001183176426, createdTime=Thu Sep 01 23:26:37 CST 2022, time=2022-09-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1738548, encodeId=b6ed1e38548a1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a9dd4e63c4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CIT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4763, encryptionId=a9dd4e63c4, topicName=CIT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=eabf34462441, createdName=12498877m109暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Oct 05 19:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1970406, encodeId=44b919e040657, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6c9425269fd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#介入心脏病学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25269, encryptionId=6c9425269fd, topicName=介入心脏病学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=467c360, createdName=yuanming7, createdTime=Tue Dec 24 16:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2018602, encodeId=eb6d201860276, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ff3c51599b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心脏病学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51599, encryptionId=ff3c51599b0, topicName=心脏病学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=640c454, createdName=qblt, createdTime=Tue Jun 04 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1381169, encodeId=eb8213811699f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9281e34519b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73451, encryptionId=9281e34519b, topicName=研究进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Mon Apr 01 13:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=363840, encodeId=4a4d36384099, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210124/2959859c08784950bc188459d8d7c2c1/3509ed0b3e3e4ca08f78e8a9232d2e4c.jpg, createdBy=24f61480129, createdName=小豁牙, createdTime=Sun Mar 31 06:13:14 CST 2019, time=2019-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=363839, encodeId=6e643638390e, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210124/2959859c08784950bc188459d8d7c2c1/3509ed0b3e3e4ca08f78e8a9232d2e4c.jpg, createdBy=24f61480129, createdName=小豁牙, createdTime=Sun Mar 31 06:13:05 CST 2019, time=2019-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=363838, encodeId=e454363838fa, content=好好好好好好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Sun Mar 31 06:02:25 CST 2019, time=2019-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1242592, encodeId=4f0f124259228, content=会议视频在哪里可以看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=29028304459, createdName=ms4000001183176426, createdTime=Thu Sep 01 23:26:37 CST 2022, time=2022-09-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1738548, encodeId=b6ed1e38548a1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a9dd4e63c4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CIT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4763, encryptionId=a9dd4e63c4, topicName=CIT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=eabf34462441, createdName=12498877m109暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Oct 05 19:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1970406, encodeId=44b919e040657, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6c9425269fd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#介入心脏病学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25269, encryptionId=6c9425269fd, topicName=介入心脏病学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=467c360, createdName=yuanming7, createdTime=Tue Dec 24 16:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2018602, encodeId=eb6d201860276, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ff3c51599b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心脏病学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51599, encryptionId=ff3c51599b0, topicName=心脏病学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=640c454, createdName=qblt, createdTime=Tue Jun 04 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1381169, encodeId=eb8213811699f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9281e34519b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73451, encryptionId=9281e34519b, topicName=研究进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Mon Apr 01 13:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=363840, encodeId=4a4d36384099, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210124/2959859c08784950bc188459d8d7c2c1/3509ed0b3e3e4ca08f78e8a9232d2e4c.jpg, createdBy=24f61480129, createdName=小豁牙, createdTime=Sun Mar 31 06:13:14 CST 2019, time=2019-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=363839, encodeId=6e643638390e, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210124/2959859c08784950bc188459d8d7c2c1/3509ed0b3e3e4ca08f78e8a9232d2e4c.jpg, createdBy=24f61480129, createdName=小豁牙, createdTime=Sun Mar 31 06:13:05 CST 2019, time=2019-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=363838, encodeId=e454363838fa, content=好好好好好好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Sun Mar 31 06:02:25 CST 2019, time=2019-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-03-31 小豁牙

    0

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    2019-03-31 小豁牙

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    2019-03-31 yjs木玉

    好好好好好好

    0

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