Nat Metab:抗癌又抗衰,心脏病药物大放异彩!

2019-10-25 Paris 转化医学网

衰老--人类亘古不变的话题,即便在众多疾病侵袭的当今,也依然作为研究热点而存在,在过去的十年中,科学家们发现衰老细胞在越来越多的疾病中发挥着重要作用,从关节炎到动脉粥样硬化,甚至在癌症患者中起到了至关重要的作用。而我们已知的抗衰老药物却总会引起各种各样的毒副反应。

衰老--人类亘古不变的话题,即便在众多疾病侵袭的当今,也依然作为研究热点而存在,在过去的十年中,科学家们发现衰老细胞在越来越多的疾病中发挥着重要作用,从关节炎到动脉粥样硬化,甚至在癌症患者中起到了至关重要的作用。而我们已知的抗衰老药物却总会引起各种各样的毒副反应。



近日,伦敦医学科学研究所的细胞增殖研究小组发表在《Nature Metabolism》的文章中新发现了一种抗衰老药物--强心苷类药物,可选择性杀死体内的衰老细胞,避免了常规的药物毒副作用,突出了强心苷类药物作为广谱抗衰老药物的潜力。

衰老是一种细胞应激反应,可导致细胞的生长停滞老化、受损甚至转变为癌细胞,癌基因诱导的衰老表现为肿瘤抑制,但也可以通过分泌衰老细胞中的促炎因子而加速肿瘤的形成。今年发表在《cell》的研究中,研究人员在小鼠中评估了强心苷对肿瘤转移的影响,在3周的哇巴因治疗后,乳腺癌小鼠的总转移负担减少了80.7倍,足足比对照组少了98.8%!进一步表明强心苷显著降低了肿瘤的转移能力。

基于以上强心苷类药物对肿瘤细胞影响的机制,在本研究中,研究人员发现衰老细胞对哇巴因诱导的凋亡具有致敏作用,这一过程部分是通过诱导促凋亡的Bcl-2家族蛋白NOXA介导的。

强心苷类药物(cardiac glycosides,CGs),是一类Na+/K+ ATP酶抑制药,主要包括地高辛、洋地黄毒苷和哇巴因等,目前被广泛应用于临床心力衰竭和心律失常的治疗.越来越多的研究发现CGs除了具有离子泵功能外,还具有信号转导功能,参与细胞的增殖、凋亡等过程。

进一步探索发现,强心苷还与抗癌药物具有协同作用,杀死肿瘤细胞,并清除辐射后或老年小鼠体内积累的衰老细胞。不仅如此,哇巴因(强心苷类药物之一)还能消除衰老前肿瘤细胞。

接下来,研究团队给衰老小鼠注射了强心苷类药物,持续了28天,并用年轻小鼠做参照,经过连续数月的观察研究发现,接受注射的衰老小鼠的各项指标和年轻小鼠无明显差异,且未表现出其他异常(药物的毒副反应)。

实际上,清除衰老细胞实际上并不会像想象的那么简单。首先,细胞衰老对机体的作用并不全都是有害的,细胞衰老在抑制肿瘤形成、伤口愈合、胚胎发育、组织再生等过程中具有重要作用,而且能够在衰老过程中促进胰腺β细胞分泌胰岛素,因此必须注意选择清除衰老细胞的时间、位置、方式。其次,尽管现在已经报道了很多靶向衰老细胞的小分子药物,但这些化合物脱靶效应普遍存在。第三,不同组织内的衰老细胞对于不同疗法的敏感度不同,因此在药物设计的时候不仅需要选择靶向细胞的类型,还必须使药物能够在特定组织富集。

本研究结果表明,强心苷可选择性清除体内的衰老细胞,且安全无害。还可通过多种机制起对抗肿瘤细胞的作用,是有效的抗癌药物。考虑到强心苷类药物作用于衰老细胞的广泛性,利用这些细胞治疗与年龄有关的疾病值得进一步探索。

尽管该类药物表现出抗衰老及抗癌的广阔前景,但由于不同强心药的作用强度不同,快慢及维持时间却大有差异,仍需注意合理用药,需要严格掌握用药剂量及时间,警惕强心药物中毒,规避中毒诱因。

原始出处:

Ana Guerrero, Nicolás Herranz, Jesús Gil, et.al. Cardiac glycosides are broad-spectrum senolytics. Nature Metabolism 21 October 2019

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    2020-05-17 liye789132251
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    2020-07-06 guojianrong
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    2020-05-08 一闲
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    2019-11-09 医非小道

    学习!!!

    0

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    2019-10-25 qingfengqishi5

    学习了,学习了

    0

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衰老--人类亘古不变的话题,即便在众多疾病侵袭的当今,也依然作为研究热点而存在,在过去的十年中,科学家们发现衰老细胞在越来越多的疾病中发挥着重要作用,从关节炎到动脉粥样硬化,甚至在癌症患者中起到了至关重要的作用。而我们已知的抗衰老药物却总会引起各种各样的毒副反应。