J Gastroenterology:基于PCR的血浆无细胞DNA突变分析可用于早期胰腺肿瘤的诊断和监测

2020-12-05 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

胰腺导管腺癌(PDA)是世界上最致命的癌症之一。为了改善PDA的预后,开发一个能够早期检测的新生物标记物在临床上是一个紧迫的需求。在PDA患者中,超过90%的患者发现了KRAS突变。

胰腺导管腺癌(PDA)是世界上最致命的癌症之一。为了改善PDA的预后,开发一个能够早期检测的新生物标记物在临床上是一个紧迫的需求。在PDA患者中,超过90%的患者发现了KRAS突变,也因此,研究人员已经倾尽相当大的努力来检测致癌KRAS在高风险个体早期诊断和监测中的作用。

 

 

此外,使用体液测定与癌症相关的遗传异常的技术已得到广泛研究,特别是血浆中无细胞DNA(cfDNA)的测量是一种很有前途的筛选工具。鉴于在非转移性PDA患者中循环血浆cfDNA的产量低,通过液体活检早期检测肿瘤来源的DNA仍然具有挑战性。因此,作为替代方案,本项研究的作者开发了一种灵敏且低成本的测定方法,称为数字PCR(dPCR)的预扩增方案,可解决采样误差。

 

 

 

简而言之,研究人员对收集的样本进行一个低循环数的预扩增步骤,一式两份或一式三份地分析3-4 mL血浆,以避免二次取样误差,然后停止反应并从整个液滴池中提取DNA,这是专门用于富集具有极低丰度目标的反应策略。这种方法有效地稀释了单个液滴中产生的PCR错误。随后的突变检测使用非常灵敏的锁定核酸(LNA)探针进行,从而提高了错配识别性。本项研究采用这种方法对诊断胰腺导管腺癌(PDA)和监测导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤(IPMN)的发展进行了验证。

 

 

研究人员从七个医疗机构中收集患者血浆用于cfDNA测量。 使用扩增前dPCR对来自PDA患者(n  = 96),接受IPMN监测(n  = 112)和正常对照(n = 76)的cfDNA中KRAS和GNAS的热点突变进行了评估。

 

 

 

经过测量和血浆cfDNA中血红蛋白亚基(HBB)和线粒体编码的NADH检测,研究人员发现相对于健康受试者,HBB提供了PDA患者之间最佳的分辨率[AUC:0.862],在IPMN患者中,泛醌氧化还原酶核心亚基1(MT-ND1)的拷贝数有明显异常。利用预扩增cfDNA技术进行dPCR检测可提供准确的肿瘤来源突变KRAS结果。在可切除的PDA中进行血浆检测其有效率可达0.85,并改善了切除后的复发预测[危险比(HR)3.179,95%置信区间(CI)1.025-9.859],优于标记物CA19-9(HR 1.464; 95%CI 0.674–3.181)。

 

通过不同的测量方法对血浆cfDNA进行定量测定可用于预测肿瘤负荷情况。通过适当的方法,在可能进展为浸润性癌的局限性PDA和IPMN患者中进行dPCR介导的突变检测,能够有效预测患者预后。

 

 

 

原始出处:

Tetsuhiro Okada. Et al. Digital PCR-based plasma cell-free DNA mutation analysis for early-stage pancreatic tumor diagnosis and surveillance. Journal of Gastroenterology.2020.

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    2021-01-21 许安
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    2020-12-07 Tommy1950
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生物制药公司Galera近日宣布,GC4419联合SBRT治疗晚期胰腺癌的I/II期临床试验已取得阳性数据。

Nat Commun:氧化磷酸化促进胰腺癌干细胞的干性和免疫诱导特性

抗PDAC已有疗法的无效性被认为是由于存在一种被称为癌症干细胞(CSCs)的肿瘤细胞亚群,它们在功能上具有可塑性,并具有专属的致瘤、抗化疗和转移能力。

得了这3种癌症,请做好心理准备!医生也很难帮你

我们常常说,得了癌症并不意味着死亡,很多癌症即便是晚期也是可以被治愈的,然而很多患者却在听到自己患癌后便一蹶不振,整日陷入到无尽的悲观情绪中,这样也不利于病情的控制和身体的恢复。

Cancer Discovery: 胰腺癌新靶点——NetG1

腺癌被誉为“癌中之王”,具有早期难诊断、进展迅速和存活期短等特点,患者的5年生存率极低,胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)是最常见的一种类型。

Gastroenterology:全球胰腺癌发病率和死亡率趋势研究

通过对184个国家的数据进行分析后,研究发现全球范围内胰腺癌的发病率和死亡率呈上升趋势,尤其是在女性女和50岁以上的人群中